Materials Literature
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In addition to the well-known α and β modifications, nickel hydroxide is shown to exist in a number of poorly crystalline forms—clearly distinguishable by their signature X-ray powder diffraction patterns. DIFFaX simulations combined with compositional analysis and IR spectral data indicate that these are interstratif…
The effect of the chemical substitution of Ti, Zr, and Gd cations on the structure and properties of bismuth‐based pyrochlores was investigated for (Bi 1.5 Zn 1.0 Nb 1.5 )O 7 and Bi 2 (Zn 2/3 Nb 4/3 )O 7 . Broad ranges of solid solutions based on cubic (Bi 1.5 Zn 1.0 Nb 1.5 )O 7 were observed for Ti and Zr cations: (B…
The crystallochemical structure of reduced Garfield nontronite was studied by X-ray absorption pre-edge and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, polarized extended X-ray absorption fine structure (P-EXAFS) spectroscopy, and texture goniometry. Untreated and highly reduced (>99% of total Fe as Fe 2+…
The deposition of thin films of inorganic nanoclusters as a route to one-step lithography has been achieved using block copolymers with inherent inorganic (Fe and Si) components. Nanodomains of the organometallic part are resistant to removal during the subsequent O2 etch, which results in well-ordered and separate do…
5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and its ester derivatives are used in photodynamic therapy as precursors for the formation of photosensitizers. This study relates to the mechanisms by which 5-ALA is transported into cells. The transport of 5-ALA has been studied in a human adenocarcinoma cell line (WiDr) by means of [14…
The high-temperature kinetics of 1,3-butadiene oxidation was examined with detailed kinetic modeling. To facilitate model validation, flow reactor experiments were carried out for 1,3-butadiene pyrolysis and oxidation over the temperature range 1035–1185 K and at atmospheric pressure, extending similar experiments fou…
Abstract Recent research progress in catalytic systems for potential use with hydrogen peroxide in industrial chemical synthesis is reviewed, with special focus on work published in the last five years. The main types of chemistry employed are critically appraised regarding their suitability for industrial exploitatio…
The properties of metal clusters and nanoparticles are attracting more and more attention in fundamental and applied research. The application of such structures in heterogeneous catalysis is a particularly important area. Nevertheless, there is only limited fundamental knowledge about the dependence of adsorption beh…
Various effects that liquid and solid media produce on the experimental activation energy of a reaction involving a single chemical step are discussed. The effects are experimentally observed as significant variations in the activation energy with temperature or extent of reaction. Since these phenomena are inconsiste…
Hollow polyelectrolyte capsules have been recently introduced as a novel type of artificial smart material. Here is reported the successful filling of polyelectrolyte capsules based on human erythrocytes with various dye compounds using a novel method of selective precipitation. Control of surface properties and condi…
Superelastic Nitinol is now a common and well-known engineering material in the medical industry. While the greater flexibility of the alloy drives many of its applications, there are also a large number of lesser-known advantages of Nitinol in medical devices. This paper reviews 7 of these less-obvious but very impor…
Textured Nb‐doped bismuth titanate ceramics (Bi 4 Ti 3− x /5 ‐ Nb x /5 O 12 , where x = 0.02) were fabricated by templated grain growth. It was found that the use of a fine precursor powder led to enhanced densification of the ceramic, while Nb doping reduced electrical conduction and dielectric loss, which enabled po…
Two new Keggin unit supported transition metal complexes, [Ni(2,2′-bipy)3]1.5[PW12O40Ni(2,2′-bipy)2(H2O)]·0.5H2O 1 and [Co(1,10′-phen)3]1.5[PMo12O40Co(1,10′,-phen)2- (H2O)]·0.5H2O 2, are synthesized by a hydrothermal method; complex 1 is characterized by X-ray crystallography, showing that the [Ni(2,2′-bipy)2(H2O)]2+…
The microstructure and shape-memory properties of norbornyl–POSS hybrid copolymers having either cyclohexyl corner groups (CyPOSS) or cyclopentyl corner groups (CpPOSS) were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and thermomechanical analysis. Here, POSS refers to the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane mac…
Abstract Basic characteristics of heteropolyacids as green catalysts are overviewed, focusing on the various reaction fields in which the heteropolyacid catalysts function as acid and oxidation catalysts, and then two industrial processes which were made very green by the use of heteropolyacid catalysts in liquid biph…
Hollow spheres of zeolite have been fabricated through a layer-by-layer technique using polystyrene spheres as templates and nanozeolites as ‘building blocks’, followed by calcination.
A comprehensive and systematic study on Sm(Co/sub bal/Fe/sub v/Cu/sub y/Zr/sub x/)/sub z/ magnets is made to completely understand the effects of composition and processing on their magnetic properties. These studies include the compositions required for the formation of cellular/lamellar microstructure, the effects o…
A crucial factor in tissue engineering of heart valves is the type of scaffold material. In the following study, we tested three different biodegradable scaffold materials, polyglycolic acid (PGA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), and poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB), as scaffolds for tissue engineering of heart valves. We mo…
The optical and electronic properties of the phthalocyanine (Pc) macrocycle make it suitable for a wide range of applications. The enormous diversity of Pc-containing polymers, developed over thirty years of research, offers the prospect of readily processed materials in which covalent linkages can be used to control…
Several kinds of bromo substituted organic conjugation compounds including chalcones, α-cinnamylideneacetophenones, benzophenones, stilbenes and diphenylacetylenes have been synthesized, and their powder second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency, cut-off wavelength λcut-off and thermal stability have been studied. T…