Materials Literature
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Below a temperature TB, the rotational relaxation of small molecules in supercooled liquids appears to bifurcate into slow α and faster β relaxations. The characteristic time for the former diverges in Vogel–Fulcher fashion at the glass transition Tg and that of the latter follows Arrhenius behavior from above TB to b…
We have used a one-dimensional kinetic analysis to model the gas-phase chemistry that occurred during the diamond growth experiments of Chauhan, Angus, and Gardner [J. Appl. Phys. 47, 4746 (1976)]. In those experiments the weight of diamond seed crystals heated by lamps in a CH4/H2 environment was monitored by a micro…
Hydrogen was found to alter the electrical properties of gold (Au), titanium (Ti), and tungsten (W) thin films deposited on SiO2/Si substrates. Specifically, the addition of H2 was found to reduce both hillock growth and the rate of electromigration in Au and Ti films. The resistance and 1/f noise of unpassivated Au,…
We have determined the surface-plasmon modes of cylindrical pores in metals and of pairs of coupled cylindrical pores having parallel axes. The eigenfrequencies and the polarization fields are determined in the case of interacting pores of equal radii where the modes are even or odd with respect to the symmetry plane.…
The onset of rigidity in ${\mathrm{Se}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{\mathrm{x}}$ glasses is probed by room-temperature longitudinal and transverse elastic moduli determined by ultrasonic measurements. The longitudinal modulus displays linear behavior with increasing x up to x=0.3, correspondin…
The energy transfer between the ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$ ions and free electrons and electrons bound on shallow donors in ${\mathrm{CdF}}_{2}$:Mn,Y crystals has been examined. This so-called Auger effect on localized impurities turned out to be a very efficient quenching mechanism of the deep luminescent centers in semico…
The temperature dependence of the dc and ac conductivities has been studied in sputtered amorphous carbon films. The dc conductivity is proportional to ${T}^{n}$ with n=15--17 below room temperature. The mechanism is discussed in terms of the mobility-edge conduction, variable-range hopping, and small-polaron hopping.…
The static properties of a polymer molecule in a porous medium are investigated. The porous medium is simulated using a site percolation model in which the various sites are occupied (or unoccupied) randomly. A freely jointed chain is allowed to move in continuous space between the obstacles. Effects of excluded volum…
Standard microcanonical rate-constant theory can be cast in a form which closely resembles and, in the case of a sufficiently large medium, reduces to that of the canonical ensemble. This relation permits a new understanding of the role of an activation energy in a chemical reaction. A facile methodology is also propo…
The quasiparticle excitation spectrum is calculated for the nearly-free-electron metals Li, Na, and Al by evaluation of the electron self-energy operator within the GW approximation and a generalized plasmon-pole model. The calculated quasiparticle energies for Na and Al are in excellent agreement with angle-resolved…
Multiple-scattering effects of electrons traveling along atomic chains are shown to be important and useful for surface structure determination, especially in the medium-energy range (200--1000 eV). This applies to techniques based on diffraction of elastic electrons, such as medium-energy electron diffraction, as wel…
The unfavorable effect of La on the magnetic properties of R-Fe-B permanent magnets is shown to be related closely to remarkable changes in microstructure due to excessive oxidation of La-containing R-rich phases in the alloys. Ce and Al are found to be effective in promoting the sintering process of La-containing all…
A thermodynamic theory is presented to model the phase transitions and properties of lead zirconate. The free energy ΔG is expressed as a power series in terms of the ferroelectric polarization (Pi=Pai+Pbi) and antiferroelectric polarization (pi=Pai−Pbi) including all possible terms up to the sixth power, but only fir…
The room-temperature cation distributions in bulk CoFe2O4 samples, cooled at rates between <10−2 and ∼103 °C s−1, have been determined using Mössbauer spectroscopy in an 80-kOe magnetic field. With increasing cooling rate, the quenched structure departs increasingly from the mostly ordered cation distribution o…
A complete set of transverse and longitudinal phonon branches in each of the three principal directions (〈100〉, 〈110〉, and 〈111〉) and polarizations have been measured up to 60 meV in the cubic perovskite ${\mathrm{KTaO}}_{3}$. Results were obtained at 296 K and at several other temperatures between 4 and 1220 K. The d…
This paper describes the application of the numerical solution of the Percus–Yevick approximation for a multicomponent system of sticky hard spheres to small angle x-ray scattering experiments. The effect of polydispersity on the pair correlation function is quantitatively described, thus enabling the analysis of expe…
Extensive characterization of the hole mobilities \ensuremath{\mu} in dispersions of p-diethylamino- benzaldehyde-diphenyl hydrazone (DEH) in polycarbonate has been carried out. We report the effect of varying the electric field E, temperature T, and spacing between DEH molecules \ensuremath{\rho} on \ensuremath{\mu}.…
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (the deconvoluted high-resolution N 1s core-level spectrum in particular) was used for the quantitative determination of the proportion of benzoid amine, quinoid imine, and protonated units in chemically synthesized polyaniline. This method allows the tracking of structural changes dur…
The near-infrared fluorescence of pure and doped KTaO 3 samples is studied. In the neighbourhood of 14570 cm -1 , 11 peaks are observed at 16 K and are associated with the fluorescence of a Ta 3+ ion near an O vacancy. In the ferroelectric KTa 0.982 Nb 0.0l8 O 3 crystal the fluorescence is not affected below T c appro…
The dynamics of the interface between an ordered phase, characterized by an order parameter, \ensuremath{\psi}, and a disordered phase where \ensuremath{\psi}=0 provide a promising, powerful tool to distinguish between continuous or second-order and weakly first-order phase transitions. We apply this idea to the nemat…