The Properties of natural and synthetic diamond
Preface. Foreword. Part I. Solid State. Part ii. Geology and Growth. Part III. Mechanical. Part IV. Industrial. Appendix.
Materials Literature
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Edible Wheat Gluten Films: Influence of the Main Process Variables on Film Properties using Response Surface Methodology
ABSTRACT An edible wheat gluten film was developed and effects of gluten concentration, ethanol concentration (ET) and pH of the film‐forming solution on various film properties were evaluated using Response Surface Methodology. pH and ethanol concentration had strong interactive effects on film opacity, water solubil…
Antibacterial action of chitosan
The antibacterial action of chitosan hydroglutamate (CH), chitosan lactate (CL) and chitosan derived from fungal mycelia was examined against both gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria. Plate counts indicated inactivation rates of one‐ to five‐log‐cycles within one hour. Fungal chitosan had significantly less antib…
Theory for displacive excitation of coherent phonons
We report femtosecond time-resolved pump-probe reflection experiments in semimetals and semiconductors that show large-amplitude oscillations with periods characteristic of lattice vibrations. Only ${\mathit{A}}_{1}$ modes are detected, although modes with other symmetries are observed with comparable intensity in Ram…
Configurational bias Monte Carlo: a new sampling scheme for flexible chains
We propose a novel approach that allows efficient numerical simulation of systems consisting of flexible chain molecules. The method is especially suitable for the numerical simulation of dense chain systems and monolayers. A new type of Monte Carlo move is introduced that makes it possible to carry out large scale co…
Contact angle, wetting, and adhesion: a critical review
The theory of the contact angle of pure liquids on solids, and of the determination of the surface free energy of solids, γs, is reviewed. The basis for the three components γLW s, γ⊕s, and γ⊖s is developed, and an algebraic expression for these properties in terms of measured contact angles is presented. The inadequa…
Poly(ethylene glycol) chemistry : biotechnical and biomedical applications
Introduction to Biotechnical and Biomedical Applications of Poly(Ethylene Glycol) J.M. Harris. Water Structure and PEG Solutions by DSC Measurement K.P. Antonsen, A.S. Hoffman. Molecular Simulation of Protein-PEG Interaction K. Lim, J.N. Herron. PEG Derivatized Ligands with Hydrophobic and Immunological Specificity D.…
X-PLOR Version 3.1: A System for X-ray Crystallography and NMR
X-PLOR is a highly sophisticated computer program that provides an interface between theoretical foundations and experimental data in structural biology, with specific emphasis on X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in solution of large biological macro-molecules. This manual to X-PLOR Ve…
Phase Diagrams of the Elements
The behavior of solid and liquid matter at high pressures and temperatures is best described in a phase diagram, which shows the regions of stability of different phases of the material. Thanks to the diamond-anvil cell, which has made possible much higher pressures, and to new and very accurate theoretical models and…
Ferroelectric PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 thin films on epitaxial Y-Ba-Cu-O
We have fabricated epitaxial ferroelectric PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3/YBa2Cu3O7−x heterostructures on single crystalline [001] LaAlO3. Only the (00l) peaks of the PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 (PZT) film are observed, indicating that the epitaxial, c-axis oriented YBCO film is a good structural template for the heteroepitaxial growth of PZT fil…
Growth of (110)-oriented CeO2 layers on (100) silicon substrates
CeO2 layers epitaxially grown on (100) silicon substrates by electron-beam evaporation were investigated and proved to have (110) orientation. X-ray diffraction measurements showed the CeO2 layers consist of more than 98% volume fraction of the (110) component. Cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron mic…
Structural and optical properties of sol-gel-processed BaTiO3 ferroelectric thin films
BaTiO3 thin films having a perovskite structure were deposited onto stainless steel and fused quartz substrates by sol-gel processing. Crystalline, transparent, and crack-free films of 5000 Å thickness were fabricated by spinning and post-deposition annealing at a temperature of 600 °C. Ferroelectric properties were c…
Commensurate fine structure in angular-dependent studies of (TMTSF)2ClO4
Clear fine-structure oscillations in magnetoresistance and torque magnetization are observed at low temperatures in the anisotropic organic superconductor (TMTSF${)}_{2}$${\mathrm{ClO}}_{4}$ as a function of sample orientation in a fixed magnetic field. At 0.1 K, these fine structures appear as resistance minima and t…
Light Scattering by Liquid Surfaces and Complementary Techniques
The technique of surface light scattering (SLS) is described in detail for readers interested in developing the method. Those not interested in the technique itself will find extensive up-to-date information about the properties of liquid interfaces, as the second part of the book is devoted to exam
The thermal aging of filled polyurethane
Abstract Thermal aging and strain endurance experiments on a filled rubber were performed at several temperatures. The rubber was polyurethane (PU) made from hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) with 4,4′‐diphenyl methane disocyanate (MDI). The filler was sodium chloride. The mechanical properties, glass transitio…
IPDI‐based polyurethane ionomer dispersions: Effects of ionic, nonionic hydrophilic segments, and extender on particle size and physical properties of emulsion cast film
Abstract Isophoron diisocyanate (IPDI) ‐based polyester polyurethane (PU) dispersion in water was prepared in a prepolymer mixing process. Dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA), triethylamine (TEA), and triethyl tetramine (TETA) were used, respectively, as potential anionic center, neutralizing agent, and chain extender in…
Electron Microscopy of Dislocation Structures in SrTiO3 Deformed at High Temperatures
Dislocations in SrTiO3 deformed plastically by indentation at 900 and 1100 °C are studied by comprehensive transmission electron microscopy. At both 900 and 1100°C all the dislocations studied have Burgers vectors of either 〈100〉 or 〈110〉 type. At 900 °C both types of dislocation are in the glide configuration. On the…
Experimental evidence for the aggregation of photostimulable centers in BaFBr:Eu2+single crystals by cross relaxation spectroscopy
Spatial correlation between the activator ion ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{2+}$ and electron and hole traps generated by x irradiation is thought to play a decisive role in the photostimulated emission process of the storage phosphor BaFBr:${\mathrm{Eu}}^{2+}$. We report the first direct experimental evidence for correlations amon…
Molecular dynamics of drop spreading on a solid surface
We have studied the spreading of liquid drops on a solid surface by molecular-dynamics simulations of Lennard-Jones systems of liquid, vapor, and solid. As the attraction between liquid and solid increases we observe a smooth transition from partial wetting to terraced wetting, with distinct molecular layers spreading…
Thermoelectric Figure of Merit of Some Compositions in the System (GeTe)1−x[(Ag2Te)1−y(Sb2Te3)y]x
Basic thermoelectric p-type materials for the medium temperature range (600 to 900 K) are GeTe-based materials. Hot-pressed samples of (GeTe)1−x[(Ag2Te)1-y(Sb2Te3)y]x solid solutions with y = 0.6, y = 0.75 are prepared. Their thermoelectric properties (thermoelectric power S, electric conductivity σ and thermal conduc…