Materials Literature
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Abstract The nonisothermal crystallization of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT)/isotactic polypropylene (iPP) nanocomposites was investigated. The results derived from the differential scanning calorimetry curves (onset temperature, melting point, supercooling, peak temperature, half‐time of crystallization, and enthal…
Hydrophobic cotton fibers, obtained by acylation of cellulose with fatty acid using microwaves radiations, have a high selective affinity for vegetable or mineral oil, fuel, and petroleum, in aqueous medium. Their sorption capacity (SC) (weight of liquid picked up by a given weight of sorbent) is about 20 g/g, after d…
The results of a single-crystal structure determination when in CIF format can now be validated routinely by automatic procedures. In this way, many errors in published papers can be avoided. The validation software generates a set of ALERTS detailing issues to be addressed by the experimenter, author, referee and pub…
A straightforward electrical technique for determining the thermal time constant of microbolometer structures is presented. An impedance measurement of a microbolometer using an LCR meter shows that the phase lag/lead reaches a maximum as a function of frequency. It is shown that the frequency of maximum phase differe…
The paper describes the space charge behavior measured with short period interval up to electrical breakdown in polyethylene film. Positive space charge was formed from the anode near the opposite electrode within 1.2 seconds after voltage application of 30 kV in a HDPE film. Up to electrical breakdown, this positive…
Compressional behavior of fabrics is important in most end uses. The traditional compression testers such as KESF (Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabrics) and FAST (Fabric Assurance by Simple Testing) systems are used to perform offline static measurements. The principle of online measurement of compressional behavior…
Mainly by analyzing the space charge distribution around water trees, the conductivity and permittivity of water trees are estimated. The conductivity of water-treed polyethylene is found to be more than 10/sup 6/ times higher than non-treed polyethylene, while the permittivity increase is only a few times.
Partial discharge, PD, activity is strongly influenced by the temperature. The analysis of PD phenomenon in a void embedded in an insulating material is a difficult problem because such voids are physically inaccessible. On the basis of a numerical model for the simulation of PD activity, it is possible to give a good…
A copper electroplating process suitable for routine IC manufacturing use must deliver Cu films that reproducibly fill deep, narrow damascene features. In this paper, several important factors such as seed layer coverage, plating waveform (DC, reversed-pulse), and additive chemistry formulation were examined in terms…
Partial discharge monitoring is an effective online predictive maintenance test for motors and generators at 4160 volt and above, as well as other electrical distribution equipment. The benefits of online testing allow for equipment analysis and diagnostics during normal production. Corrective actions can be planned a…
Grain sizes and crystallographic orientations of Cu were analyzed versus line width in damascene Cu interconnects. Pure bamboo lines were not obtained because grain size decreased as line width was reduced. Comparison of electromigration results for wide line CVD Cu (3 /spl mu/m) polycrystalline structures and narrow…
Two kinds of charge decay time constants were experimentally found for interfacial space charge induced by voltage application in an interface between polyethylene and each of other polymers such as EVA, EPR and EPDM. These are named as short time constants and long time constants. The short decay time constants are d…
Insulation systems for electrical distribution transformers are being re-evaluated based on their total life cycle cost from both an economical and an environmental perspective. Due to the inherently higher efficiency design offered by liquid cooled transformers, development has focused on fluids having improved envir…
Crosslinked polydimethylsiloxane, with two different crosslink densities (M~/sub c/), have been repeatedly exposed to corona discharges. Between each exposure the specimens were allowed to rest for at least 1000 h allowing recovery of hydrophobicity. The material with the dense network (M~/sub c/: 700 g/spl middot/mol…
This paper describes experiments performed on laboratory aged Rogowski test objects. Results from measurements of residual AC breakdown strength, degree of water treeing and the dielectric response are presented. The main reason for performing laboratory ageing was to facilitate diagnostic testing as a function of age…
An experimental apparatus has been designed and built to accurately measure losses in magnetic components. The apparatus consists of a highly conductive pedestal on which the device under test (DUT) is mounted. A heat flux sensor placed under the pedestal is used to measure the total heat generated in the DUT. The ped…
AC losses due to nonsinusoidal current waveforms have been found by calculating the losses at harmonic frequencies when the Fourier coefficients are known. An optimized foil or layer thickness in a winding may be found by applying the Fourier analysis over a range of thickness values. This paper presents a new formula…
We have developed a forceps system which includes an active mechanism. This forceps is intended to assist the physician during laparoscopic surgery, and is constructed of four shape-memory alloy tubes. The temperature of the Ti-Ni shape-memory alloy is controlled electrically, achieving a fast response. The paper desc…
The magnetocaloric effect in high spin Mn 12 2Cl-benzoate clusters was studied. We observed a high entropy change around the blocking temperature of the magnetization. Theoretical simulations indicate the shift of the entropy change with the sweeping rate of the magnetic field.
This paper proposes equivalent circuits to represent the external electrical behaviour of multiwinding transformers. All aspects of the linear behaviour, including resonances and inter-winding devices to currents, are taken into account. The global physical components approach leads to general lumped element circuits…