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The dynamical critical phenomena associated with the structural phase transition of N${\mathrm{D}}_{4}$ Br (${T}_{c}=215$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K) have been studied by neutron-scattering techniques. The measurements of the low-energy part of neutron spectra of N${\mathrm{D}}_{4}$Br single crystals have be…
The steady-state photoresponse of the layer-structure crystal ${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ is reported as a function of wavelength, light intensity, and electric field strength, using aqueous salt solutions as transparent electrodes. The photocurrent spectrum follows the edge-absorption spectrum for photon en…
The photochemical isomerization of azobenzene in solution can be sensitized by dyes which have low-lying triplet states (rose Bengal, eosin Y, fluorescein, methylene blue) but cannot be inhibited by such compounds. The two triplet levels, T β c and T α c of the cis form are indistinguishable experimentally. On the oth…
The photochemical isomerization of azobenzene can be sensitized by aromatic compounds (chrysene, phenanthrene, naphthalene) or by carbonyls (benzil, biacetyl). Comparison of the photostationary states and the initial quantum yields of isomerization leads to the deduction of a mechanism for this sensitization. The trip…
An expression is obtained for the relaxation time for scattering of phonons by platelets of precipitated impurities of atomic masses and volume different from the host. For large-diameter platelets a closed expression was used in a model describing plateletlike nitrogen precipitates in type-$\mathrm{I}a$ diamonds. A f…
The variation in the ferroelectric transition temperature with deuteration is described by a linear function only if the deuteration level in the crystal is considered. A least-squares fit of these data resulted in the relation Tc=121.7K + 1.07m, with m in mole% D. The effective distribution coefficient (keff) of deut…
The pure ${\mathrm{As}}^{75}$ nuclear quadrupole resonances (NQR) of crystalline and amorphous ${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ have been investigated and compared. The temperature dependence of the resonance frequencies, the asymmetry parameters $\ensuremath{\eta}$, and the orientation of the principal axes of t…
The role of many-body effects in the radiationless decay of an excited atom in the vicinity of a metallic surface is studied. In particular we calculate the decay rate for deexcitation by surface-plasmon emission and find it to be a rather likely process. The rate depends on the surface-plasmon dispersion relation and…
Polarity-dependent memory switching has been observed in devices of crystalline SnSe and SnSe2 with aluminum contacts. Two types of low-level switching (1 V/1 mA) with reversed polarity dependence can be obtained in suitably formed devices of either material. In addition, a high-level (100 V/10 mA) polarized memory sw…
It is well established that exposure of KCl:AgCl (or KCl:TlCl) crystals at 77 K to ionizing radiation results in the trapping of holes as $\mathrm{Cl}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${V}_{K}$ centers, and electrons as ${\mathrm{Ag}}^{0}$ (${\mathrm{Tl}}^{0}$). These crystals emit luminescence at 77 K which persists…
The influence of pressure on lattice vibrations in two molecular crystals, the ring-molecule elemental crystal orthorhombic sulfur and the layer-structure chalcogenide crystal ${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$, has been measured by observations of their first-order Raman-scattering spectra at pressures to 10 kbar.…
In addition to presenting an expression for the pressure which is valid for all treatments of exchange and correlation, we derive a new relation for the kinetic energy of the cores which, in the muffin-tin approximation, leads to an algebraic cancellation of various core contributions to the pressure. Thus, numerical…
Neutron-scattering experiments have elucidated the mechanism of the successive phase transitions of CsPb${\mathrm{Cl}}_{3}$ at 47, 42, and 37\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. These phase transitions are basically associated with the condensation of rotational modes of Pb${\mathrm{Cl}}_{6}$ octahedra around the thr…
The magnitudes, anisotropy, and temperature dependences of the three independent elastic constants of copper irradiated below 4 K with thermal neutrons provide evidence for the 100> split configuration of free interstitials and thermally excited resonance modes, and lead to a model for the configuration of the ${I}…
A theory of cooperative effects in ionic solids is presented, which points to the ionic carrier density as the main source of the anomalous behavior found in solid electrolytes. Depending on the parameter values, it predicts either an exponential increase of the conductivity with temperature, or a discontinuous change…
Changes in chemical oxidation states in alloys and at solid-solid interfaces were monitored by using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For an oxidized Nichrome surface, the chromium component was selectively converted to chromic oxide while nickel remained in the metallic state. When this surface was overlaid with a 2…
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It has already been shown that one source of the patched appearance in twisted nematic displays is reverse twist; we now demonstrate the existence of another. Both types of patches have been eliminated by the use of cholesteric additives in combination with particular types of surface alignment.
An extensive investigation of the mechanical properties of cast ASTM A216 steel WCB and WCC grades, as functions of composition, heat treatment and casting thickness is reported. Castings in section thicknesses ranging from 2 1/2 in. to 10 in. were produced from twenty-two commercial size heats by five different found…
When chlorine (real gas , 980 mmHg) combines with white (a) phosphorus to form phosphorus pentachloride at 24.89 C, 3986.32.7 J of heat are liberated per gram of stoichiometrically equivalent Mg,P,07. This value was determined by a dead-ended flow system in an electrically calibrated isoperibol calorimeter. Correction…