Materials Literature
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Eukaryotic histone proteins condense DNA into compact structures called nucleosomes. Nucleosomes were viewed as a distinguishing feature of eukaryotes prior to identification of histone orthologs in methanogens. Although evolutionarily distinct from methanogens, the methane-producing hyperthermophile Methanopyrus kand…
The electrokinetic properties of macroscopic solids can describe both the surface modifications as well as the interaction abilities during processing. Normally the zeta potential (ζ) is measured and can be used to develop, optimise and control the manufacturing process. The zeta potential of natural and regenerated c…
A new set of trimesogens consisting of a cholesteryl ester, a biphenyl and an azobenzene mesogenic segment joined together through either odd-even, even-even or odd-odd central alkylene spacers has been synthesized and the liquid crystalline properties investigated. The trimesogens having even-even and odd-odd central…
Relaxation processes in a hyperbranched polyester with terminal hydroxyl groups have been investigated. The study emphasizes the molecular weight dependence of conductivity and γ-relaxations as the α- and β-relaxations are masked by the conductivity. It is found that the conductivity relaxation follows a non-Arrhenius…
The crystal structures of nacaphite, Na (Na,Ca)2 (PO4) F, a 5.3232(2), b 12.2103(4), c 7.0961(2) Å, 90.002(1), 89.998(1),
In an attempt to determine the carrier of the Extended Red Emission (ERE), we have investigated a series of amorphous and crystalline materials: natural coal, amorphous hydrogenated carbon, amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbide, porous silicon, and crystalline silicon nanoparticles. The photoluminescence (PL) behavio…
Abstract Dielectric responses of polyaniline (PANI) salt films, made from two different methods, were compared to investigate the effect of a dopant and film‐formation methods on the dielectric properties. One of the film‐formation methods for emeraldine salt was the film‐doping method, and the other, the solution‐dop…
“Equatorial” energy transfer: Orientation control of intramolecular energy transfer (EnT) is found in the donor–acceptor system shown, light absorbed by the “peripheral” anthracene is efficiently transferred to the porphyrin, but that by the “axial” anthracene subunits is not.
Electrical and hydrophilic properties of TiOx films obtained by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) were investigated in connection with OH group content of the films. A microcrystalline TiOx film prepared by rf magnetron sputtering deposition (RFMSD) was used as a reference sample in this study. Compare…
The synthesis of 13 discotic mesogens is described in which the well-known hexakis(pentyloxy)triphenylene liquid crystalline material has been chemically modified to incorporate one, two, three and six carbazole moieties. These modifications have been achieved by the alkylation or esterification of mono-, di-, tri- an…
The damped harmonic oscillator model for thermal conductivity of insulators is improved, leading to a formula that predicts thermal conductivity at ambient conditions (k 0 ) from various physical properties, most of which are commonly measured. Specifically, k 0 = [ρ/(3ZM)] C v [(u P + u s )/2] 2 / <Γ>, where ρ…
Antiferromagnetic coupling between ferromagnetic layers has been observed for the first time in an all-semiconductor superlattice structure EuS/PbS(001), by neutron scattering and magnetization measurements. Spin-dependent superlattice band structure effects are invoked to explain the possible origin and the strength…
A simple route to the fabrication of multilayer films containing Pd nanoparticles is described. Following layer-by-layer assembly of PdCl 4 2 - and polycation, QPVP−Os (a quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) complexed with [Os(bpy) 2 Cl] 2+/+ ), on 4-aminobenzoic acid-modified glassy carbon electrodes, the three-dimensio…
The resistivities of copper (Cu) thin films and damascene Cu fine lines were precisely measured by utilizing Matthiessen's rule. It was shown that this measurement method can produce reliable values without requiring precise and detailed line-dimension measurements. It was found that the increase in resistivities of t…
Ibuprofen microcrystals sized between 25–45 μm have been encapsulated with various types of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) constructed with polyallylamine (PAH), polyethylenimine (PEI) or poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) as polycations and polystyrenesulfonate (PSS), polyanetholesulfonate (PAS) and dextran sulfate (DE…
Clay minerals share a basic set of structural and chemical characteristics (e.g. they are largely aluminosilicates with layer structures) and yet each clay mineral has its own unique set of properties that determine how it will interact with other chemical species. The variation, in both chemistry and structure, among…
Results are presented for flame synthesis of metal-catalyzed carbon nanotubes. A thermal evaporation technique is used to create the catalyst nanoparticles of Fe or Ni through gas condensation followed by entrainment into the flame. Results are compared with those using a high-temperature tube furnace to provide the r…
The present critical review examines the status of the research on supported, size-selected clusters with specific emphasis on their size-dependent physical and chemical properties. We describe the most relevant experimental methods with their advantages and drawbacks for the production of size-selected clusters and l…
Carbon nanotubeshave many advantages over conventional semiconductor and metal emitters for field emission displays (FEDs). However, the origin of the current saturation seen in carbon nanotubes at high fields is poorly understood. Here the effect of gas adsorbates on the field emission properties of patterned carbon…
Water soluble graft polymers prepared by copolymerization of either methacrylic acid (MAA) or vinylsulfonic acid (VS) with α-methoxy-ω-methacroyl-oligo(oxyethylene)s (PEOn-MA) serve to control nucleation and crystal growth during precipitation of inorganic crystals from aqueous media. Precipitation of zinc oxide cryst…