Materials Literature
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Abstract An industrial bulk process for the continuous production of high‐impact polystyrene (HIPS) is mathematically modeled, and the model is validated with actual plant data. The steady states of two commercial HIPS grades were investigated. Polymer samples were taken along the process to measure monomer conversion…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">We have developed the New Ion Current Combustion Control System (ICCS) which can control individual cylinder air fuel ratio and ignition timing. And also we could get the significant improvements of performance by adapting this system to our small displacement 3-cylinder engine. T…
A relationship between swelling behavior and the Mooney-Rivlin constant (C 2), which has been suggested as being associated with intermolecular forces between cross-linked polymer chains and flexibility of the NR network structure, was observed under a constrained swelling condition of 100% elongation (by length). It…
Liquid crystal phases can be induced chemically by mixing compounds whose specific interactions are such that the transition temperature for the induced phase is higher than the melting points of the two compounds. A particularly dramatic example of such behaviour is the creation of a columnar nematic and a hexagonal…
Lithostathine (pancreatic stone protein, Reg protein) is, in addition to albumin, the major nonenzymatic protein of the pancreatic juice. It has been assumed to inhibit calcium carbonate precipitation and therefore to prevent stone formation in the pancreatic ducts. This function is, however, debatable. The assumption…
Ductile materials such as AISI1008 low carbon steel characteristically exhibit poor chip breaking in conventional machining practices. This paper presents an environmentally clean cryogenic machining process which improves the breakability of AISI1008 chips by lowering the chip temperature to its embrittlement tempera…
The electronic and structural properties of neutral and charged ${\mathrm{Si}}_{n}{\mathrm{O}}_{n}$ clusters, with $n=3$, 4, and 5, and related clusters, are examined using the higher-order finite-difference pseudopotential method. The ground-state structures for these clusters are determined via a simulated annealing…
Correlated ab initio calculations of the electrical properties of a large set of organic molecules have been carried out and used in the selection of transferable parameters in an additive model of electrical response. The set of parameters of the model consists of anisotropic atomic dipole polarizabilities for H, C,…
The surface compositions of poly(styrene- b -ethylene oxide) and poly(styrene- g -ethylene oxide) films were found to be largely determined by the nature of the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) chain ends. Angle-dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that polystyrene (PS) dominated the surfaces of the copolymer…
A series of thiophene-based conducting polymers has been synthesized. The properties of these polymers were characterized using electrochemical techniques. The polymerization potentials of the monomers were found to be related to the corresponding Hammett σ values. The maximum n-doping levels of the polymers were also…
We have developed a single site anisotropic pair potential suitable for computer-simulation studies of systems composed of disklike molecules. The general dependence of the potential on the intermolecular separation is taken to be the shifted 12-6 Lennard-Jones form. The range and strength parameters in the potential…
Resonant-grating lineshapes are compared with results from a previously derived approximate coupled-mode analysis [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A14, 629 (1997)] and to rigorous coupled-wave analysis. Tunability in resonant position (wavelength and angle) and lineshape is achieved by a novel method involving immersion of a bare re…
We report an optical Kerr effect experiment, performed on liquid and supercooled liquid salol, in order to test some predictions of the mode-coupling theory of the liquid-glass transition. We show that this experiment is sensitive mostly to the reorientational motion of the molecules and the corresponding correlation…
We present ab initio investigations of the formation of magnetic moments in crystalline, quasicrystalline, and liquid Al-Mn alloys. We find that the appearance of local moments on the Mn sites is controlled by a local Stoner criterion. In the stable crystalline compound ${\mathrm{Al}}_{6}\mathrm{Mn}$ strong $\mathrm{A…
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous global contaminants that have been intensively investigated for three decades.They are broad-acting toxicants occurring in complex mixtures and accurate risk assessment has proven to be elusive.Focusing on a limited set of end points and emphasizing a fixed set of congen…
The present review discusses some current issues related to the principles and analytical aspects of electrochemical studies (typically done at room temperature) of solid, rigid or semirigid (nonfluid) systems in the absence of a liquid solution phase. Representative examples include redox and conducting organic polym…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionHomogeneous-Phase Electron-Transfer Reactions of Polyoxometalates. [(Chem. Rev.1998, 98, 113 (this issue). Published on the Web January 22, 1998.]I. A. WeinstockCite this: Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 1, 389–390Publication Date (Web):February 5, 1998Publication History Publi…
The phase behavior of binary blends of A homopolymer and symmetric AB diblock copolymer is studied within mean-field theory. The occurrence of lamellar, hexagonal, and body-centered-cubic phases is examined in the weak to intermediate segregation regime and over a wide range of homopolymer length relative to that of t…
We found that the frustration, i.e., unusual density modulation, is induced on ferroelectric SmA b and HexB b phases composed of achiral banana-shaped molecules. The frustration takes place along the bent direction of molecules, with four or five molecules included in each inversion unit. Such an unusual frustrated st…
The earliest concept of spunlacing (also known as hydroentanglement): using water jets to entangle fibres to form non-woven fabrics, was conceived as early as 1950s. Like other nonwoven fabrics, spunlaced non-woven fabrics are not made of yams, but directly from fibers or filaments which are laid by web forming machin…