Materials Literature
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We derive a spin-orbital model for insulating ${\mathrm{LaMnO}}_{3}$ which fulfills the SU(2) symmetry of $S=2$ spins at ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{3+}$ ions. It includes the complete ${e}_{g}$ and ${t}_{2g}$ superexchange which follows from a realistic ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$ multiplet structure in cubic site symmetry, and the Jah…
We calculate the ideal-glass-transition line for adhesive hard spheres in the temperature-volume-fraction plane within the framework of the mode-coupling theory. We find two intersecting lines, controlled by the hard-core and the adhesive parts of the potential respectively, giving rise to two different mechanisms for…
Fluids adsorbed in microporous materials can exhibit quantum sieving, where heavy isotopes are preferentially adsorbed over light isotopes. We present the first detailed predictions of quantum sieving based on realistic models of microporous materials. Carbon nanotubes, and the interstices of nanotube bundles, can act…
Quantum-dot solids and polycrystalline semiconductors that are patterned in three dimensions can be produced by the new route described here. Both materials have potential as photonic crystals. The method combines colloidal chemistry with two steps of hierarchical selfassembly: first, semiconductor nanocrystals are in…
The design of an instrument capable of opto-mechanical studies of the rheology of viscoelastic polymeric fluids near solid interfaces is described. The instrument probes the ‘meso’-scale (length scales of 0 (μm)) and bridges the gap between molecular-scale devices such as the Surface Force Apparatus (SFA) and conventi…
GENERIC is reviewed not only as a new general framework for modeling nonequilibrium systems, but also as a new way of thinking about nonequilibrium dynamics. This unified framework of nonequilibrium thermodynamics is shown to be deeply rooted in the ample accumulated experience with nonequilibrium systems and, provide…
Foams have been prepared from water added with a surfactant (Sodium-Dodecyl-Sulfate, SDS) and a polymer (Poly-Ethylene-Oxide, PEO) at different concentrations. This work was devoted to a study of the flow properties of the foams. The pressure drops were measured during flow in capillary tubes (2.5, 3.5 and 4 mm) in la…
Abstract Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy investigations in the near infrared (N1R) region of synthetic and natural kaolinites with various octahedral substitutions have been carried out in order to elucidate the relationships between the substituted cations and specific features of the NIR spectra. The…
Carbon‐supported platinum (Pt/C) with an adsorbed layer of underpotential deposited (upd) Sn is a much better catalyst for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) than a carbon‐supported platinum‐tin (PtSn/C) alloy. In situ X‐ray absorption (XAS) was used to determine the differences in the effects that the two methods…
Extruded bioplastic was prepared from cornstarch or poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate-co-beta-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) or blends of cornstarch and PHBV. The blended formulations contained 30 or 50% starch in the presence or absence of polyethylene oxide (PEO), which enhances adherence of starch granules to PHBV. Degradation of…
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a heritable disease caused by molecular defects in type I collagen, is characterized by skeletal deformities and brittle bones. The heterozygous and homozygous oim mice (oim/+ and oim/oim) exhibit mild and severe OI phenotypes, respectively, serving as controlled animal models of this dis…
Abstract This study examines the influence of minerals and amorphous phases associated with kaolin and kaolinitic rocks on kaolinite crystallinity indices (KCI) derived from X-ray diffraction (XRD) data in order to select the best index for systematic studies of commercial kaolins or geological sequences. For this pur…
We present ab initio calculations using density functional theory (DFT) within the local density approximation (LDA) on PbO in the α-phase and the idealized CsCl structure. The electron densities clearly show that CsCl-structured PbO has a symmetric lead site while α-PbO shows asymmetry, forming what could be describe…