Materials Literature
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Good as gold: Nanofibers with surface hydrogen-bonding motifs co-assembled from peptide-based amphiphilic molecules were used to template one-dimensional assemblies of preformed lipophilic inorganic nanoparticles in apolar organic solvents (see figure).
Dense liquid phases, metastable with respect to a solid phase, form in solutions of proteins and small-molecule materials. They have been shown to serve as a prerequisite for the nucleation of crystals and other ordered solid phases. Here, using crystals of the protein lumazine synthase from Bacillus subtilis, which g…
Individual single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) were suspended in water for optical studies using sodium-cholate and other surfactants. We used time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy to study the influence of tube chirality and diameter as well as of the environment…
Methanol-tolerant cathode materials for use in direct-methanol fuel cells are composed of ordered mesoporous carbon with walls studded with ultrafine Pt nanoclusters. The material (see Figure), composed of PtC regularly interconnected nanocomposite arrays, is prepared by pyrolysis of carbon and platinum precursors in…
A study has been carried out to investigate the psychophysical mechanisms of the perception of temperature and moisture sensations in clothing during environmental transients. A series of wear trials was conducted to measure the psychological perception of thermal and moisture sensations and the simultaneous temperatu…
This study characterizes poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers of various generations and terminal functional groups for removal of copper(II) in a sandy soil. Effects of dendrimer dose, generation number, pH, terminal functional groups, and ionic strength on the removal efficiency were investigated through a series of…
SUMMARY: We introduce a novel unsupervised approach for the organization and visualization of multidimensional data. At the heart of the method is a presentation of the full pairwise distance matrix of the data points, viewed in pseudocolor. The ordering of points is iteratively permuted in search of a linear ordering…
We describe director distortions in the nematic liquid crystal (LC) caused by a spherical particle with tangential surface orientation of the director and show that light transmittance through the distorted region is a steep function of the particle's size. The effect allows us to propose a real-time microbial sensor…
We derive an extension of the mode-coupling theory for the liquid-glass transition to a class of models of confined fluids, where the fluid particles evolve in a disordered array of interaction sites. We find that the corresponding equations are similar to those describing the bulk, implying that the methods of invest…
The spin dynamics are calculated for a model system consisting of magnetically soft, layered nanomagnets, in which two ferromagnetic (F) cylindrical dots, each with a magnetic vortex ground state, are separated by a non-magnetic spacer (N). This permits a study of the effects of interlayer magnetostatic interactions o…
We report the electrical resistivity $\ensuremath{\rho}$, Hall coefficient ${R}_{\mathrm{H}}$, thermoelectric power $S$, specific heat $C$, and thermal conductivity $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ on single crystals of the type-VIII clathrate ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{8}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{16}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{30}$ grown from Sn-flux. Negative $…
We consider a quasiclassical model that allows us to simulate the process of spin diffusion and relaxation in the presence of a highly nonuniform magnetic field. The energy of the slow relaxing spins flows to the fast relaxing spins due to the dipole-dipole interaction between the spins. The magnetic field gradient su…
Glass transition behavior of nanoscopically thin polymer films is investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations. We study thin polymer films composed of bead−spring model chains and supported on an idealized fcc lattice substrate surface. The impact on the glass transition temperature of the strength of poly…
Predicting and characterizing the crystal structure of materials is a key problem in materials research and development. We report the results of ab initio LDA/GGA computations for the following systems: AgAu, AgCd, AgMg, AgMo*, AgNa, AgNb*, AgPd, AgRh*, AgRu*, AgTc*, AgTi, AgY, AgZr, AlSc, AuCd, AuMo*, AuNb, AuPd, Au…
Periodic ripples generated from the off-normal incidence ion beam bombardment of solid surfaces have been observed to propagate with a dispersion in the velocity. We investigate this ripple behaviour by means of a Monte Carlo model of the erosion process, in conjuction with one of two different surface diffusion mecha…
An experimental study has been conducted on the penetration of silicone rubbers and human skin in vivo by sharp-tipped and flat-bottomed cylindrical punches. A penetrometer was developed to measure the penetration of human skin in vivo, while a conventional screw-driven testing machine was used to penetrate the silico…
We propose a simple theory describing the influence of nanoparticles on thermodynamics of binary polymer mixture. In particular, we consider the case in which nanoparticles preferentially segregate into one of the polymeric components. Depending on the particle radius R p and the polymer degree of polymerization N, ad…
A set of carboxylate-functionalized poly(phenylene ethynylene)s (PPEs) has been synthesized in which the carboxylic acid groups are separated from the polymer backbone by oligo(ethylene glycol) spacer units. These polymers are soluble in water and organic solvents and have photophysical properties that are sensitive t…
A polymer-memory device based on a copolymer containing carbazole (donor) and Eu-complex (acceptor) groups in a metal/insulator/metal architecture is described. The nonvolatile device has two distinctive bistable conductivity states, and exhibits a high ON/OFF current ratio, a fast response time, and acceptable retent…
Abstract Investigation of single‐wall carbon nanotube (SWNT)–polymer solar cells has been conducted towards developing alternative lightweight, flexible devices for space power applications. Photovoltaic devices were constructed with regioregular poly(3‐octylthiophene)‐(P3OT) and purified, >95% w/w, laser‐generated…