Materials Literature
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Abstract We are investigating the bulk and interfacial chemistry of polyimide (PI) exposed to heat and relative humidity (RH) stress (85°C/85% RH) over long periods to understand the long‐term reliability aspects of PI for microelectronic applications. The PI surface chemistry and the PI–Si interface chemistry was fol…
Micro-Raman spectroscopy is applied to evaluate change of the crystal quality in molecular beam epitaxial GaAs layers on Si after rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The forbidden transverse optical phonon is observed in the GaAs layers especially near the interface. In the as-grown state, the Raman frequency of the longit…
Abstract The crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) in its blends with other thermoplastics such as poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS), high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), aromatic polyamide, and a co ‐polyester is reported. The nonisothermal crystallization and melting behavi…
We have studied the nonlinear conductivity \ensuremath{\sigma}(E,T) and the narrow-band noise in quasi-one-dimensional ${\mathrm{TaS}}_{3}$ at low temperatures down to liquid helium. We have found that the ratio between the charge-density-wave (CDW) current ${\mathit{I}}_{\mathit{c}}$ and the narrow-band-noise frequen…
The morphological development in blends of bisphenol-A polycarbonate (PC) and poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) blends during isothermal annealing above 200 °C has been investigated where competition between liquid–liquid phase separation by spinodal decomposition and interchange reactions take place. Interchange reacti…
The stress and displacement fields of an edge dislocation near a semi-infinite or a finite interfacial crack are formulated by using the complex potential theory of Muskhelishvili’s elasticity treatment of plane strain problems. The image forces exerted on the dislocation have an oscillatory character (with respect to…
Several x-ray-absorption K thresholds have been measured for thin-film specimens in helium gas. The data are analyzed in terms of the different types of electrons that are ejected out of atomic cores in x-ray-absorption events and their relative contribution to the output signal. Theoretical expressions are derived th…
freezing precipitation in North America and Northern Eurasia Pavel Ya Groisman, Olga N Bulygina, Xungang Yin et al.
Dielectric properties and dc-conductivities in p-type NiO doped with Li (1∼10 atomic%) were investigated below 300 K. Around 40 K, a dielectric relaxation peak appeared with an activation energy of 0.051 eV and the intensity of this peak was found to be thermally activated, the activation energy being 0.01 eV. There w…
The jet from a nominally axisymmetric shaped charge is formed by the collapse of the typically conical liner under the high pressures resulting from detonation of the explosive around it. Where asymmetries are present the velocities imparted to the elements of the liner at a given axial distance from the cone tip will…
The existence of domain wall-like moment distributions associated to the interfaces between exchange-coupled grains of hard magnetic phases with different directions of the local easy axis is demonstrated in the framework of the micromagnetic approximation. These structures constitute a very effective seed for the dev…
A casein kinase II (CK II)-like protein kinase was identified and partially isolated from a purified envelope-matrix fraction of pea (Pisum sativum L.) nuclei. When [gamma-32P]ATP was directly added to the envelope-matrix preparation, the three most heavily labeled protein bands had molecular masses near 71, 48, and 4…
Abstract Surface degradation of implanted poly(ether urethane)s was studied quantitatively with a micro‐ATR–FTIR technique. Substantial degradation was observed particularly in the soft segment at the α‐carbon adjacent to the ether linkage. The degradation caused changes in the concentration profiles of the soft‐segme…
Raman spectra of B ion-implanted glassy carbon (GC) and hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) films have been measured as a function of polarization direction of the scattered light and excitation wavelength. Raman bands of GC implanted heavily with a fluence of more than 5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{15}$…
This paper presents a light scattering study of the dynamics of concentrated solutions of nearly monodisperse (σ≊0.16) spherical micronetwork particles consisting of highly cross-linked polystyrene dissolved in carbon disulfide, i.e., a ‘‘good’’ solvent. Above volume fractions of φ=0.50 the intermediate scattering fun…
The self-diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in the dihydrides TiH x and YH x was investigated by neutron spectroscopy (1.59 < x < 2.09, 350 °C < T < 950 °C). The two hydrides differ in that hydrogen in TiH x occupies solely tetrahedral interstitial sites, whereas a small percentage (< 10%) of the hydrogen in YH x is al…
An electron-energy-loss (EELS) study has been carried out on polycrystalline Sn before and after room-temperature exposures of 100, 500, 1500, and 3500 L [1 Langmuir (L)=${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$ Torr s] to ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ at low pressure (${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$ Torr) and to ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ at…
Results are summarized of ion-scattering analysis of the surface structure obtained following deposition and annealing of ultrathin layers of Sn on Cu(111), Ni(111), and Pt(111). It is found that on each substrate, annealing to about 0.4 of the substrate melting temperature gives rise to a stable structure characteriz…
Abstract Chitin was isolated from prawn shells, and chitosan was prepared from it. The degree of N ‐deacetylation and the molecular weight were determined using IR spectroscopy and viscometry, respectively. A series of different modified chitosan membranes were prepared by blending with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The…
Abstract It has been found that carbon dioxide remarkably accelerates the absorption of many low molecular weight additives into a number of glassy polymers. This effect is due to the high diffusivity, solubility, and plasticizing action of compressed CO 2 in polymers. The transport of CO 2 and the effects of CO 2 pre…