Materials Literature
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Afghanite, ideally [(Na,K)(22)Ca-10][Si24Al24O96](SO4)(6)Cl-6, is the eight-layer member of the cancrinite-group (ABABACAC stacking sequence). Its structure was refined in the P31c space group to R = 4.5% by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The cell parameters are a = 12.8013(7) Angstrom, c = 21.4119(18…
We investigated diffusion barrier performance of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) TiN films prepared using tetrakis-dimethyl-amino titanium, Ti[N(CH3)2]4, to copper in the Cu/TiN/Si structure. The in situ treatment of the TiN films using N2/H2 plasma was found to significantly improve barrier performance against copper…
We study the structure of III-V clusters in sodalite by ab initio molecular dynamics (Car-Parrinello) and find strong bonding of the group III atoms to the oxygens of the cage with loss of tetrahedral order. The clusters introduce optically active states in the zeolite energy gap and turn it into a semiconductor with…
Under certain conditions grating/waveguide structures have a resonant behavior with narrow spectral bandwidths. Several such structures were designed, fabricated, and evaluated, demonstrating resonances with narrow spectral bandwidths ranging to as low as 0.035 nm at full width at half maximum. These can be exploited…
We have used an intense coherent x-ray beam and a real time digital autocorrelator to study the low frequency dynamics of colloidal palladium in glycerol by x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS). The translational diffusion was studied in the $q$ range from $1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremat…
The operating characteristics of complementary inverters with n-channel napthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride thin-film transistors (TFTs) and p-channel transistors with hole transporting organic active materials are described. The n-channel TFTs have been used as the load in one circuit configuration and as the drive…
Nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) including a number of priority pollutants such as explosives (e.g., TNT) and herbicides (e.g., DNOC) have been shown to adsorb strongly and specifically at natural clays. In situ spectroscopic techniques ( 13 C-NMR, ATR-FTIR, UV/VIS, XRD) were applied to investigate the adsorption mechan…
Nonlinear conduction in the quasi-one dimensional conductor o-TaS_3 has been studied in the low-temperature region down to 30 mK. It was found that at temperatures below a few Kelvins the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics consist of several branches. The temperature evolution of the I-V curve proceeds through sequ…
Abstract The diatom genus Tetracyclus Ralfs (Bacillariophyta) is composed largely of extinct, freshwater species many of which have been used as stratigraphic markers across several continents under the assumption that they are relatively widespread and confined to precise geological epochs. Until recently the taxonom…
We show that the infinite percolating cluster (with density P_inf) of central-force networks is composed of: a fractal stress-bearing backbone (Pb) and; rigid but unstressed ``dangling ends'' which occupy a finite volume-fraction of the lattice (Pd). Near the rigidity threshold pc, there is then a first-order transiti…
We use a new algorithm to find the stress-carrying backbone of ``generic'' site-diluted triangular lattices of up to 10^6 sites. Generic lattices can be made by randomly displacing the sites of a regular lattice. The percolation threshold is Pc=0.6975 +/- 0.0003, the correlation length exponent ν=1.16 +/- 0.03 and the…
Defining Interfacial Engineering. Interaction Forces in Interfacial Systems. General Properties of Systems Containing Fluid Interfaces. Colloids. Amphiphilic Systems--Liquid-Liquid Interfaces. Polymers. Polymer Composites. Liquid Coating Processes. General Properties of Crystalline Solid Surfaces. Thin Films--Solid-So…
A new halogen-free intumescent flame-retardant system was developed using melamine phosphates and 5,5,5′,5′,5″,5″- hexamethyltris (1,3,2- dioxaphosphorinanemethan) amine 2,2′,2″-trioxide (XPM-1000, Monsanto Co.). This intumescent system, optimally at a weight ratio of about 1 : 2, showed effective flame retardancy by…
A series of polyesters was synthesized by the bulk polycondensations of the respective combinations of three stereoisomeric 1,4 : 3,6-dianhydrohexitols [1,4 : 3,6-dianhydro-D-glucitol (1), 1,4 : 3,6-dianhydro-D-mannitol (2), and 1,4 : 3,6-dianhydro-L-iditol (3)] with succinyl dichloride (4a), glutaryl dichloride (4b),…
Copolymerization of 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) with styrene (St) was performed in ethanol using 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator, and then a random copolymer P(4VP–St) was obtained. A soluble pyridinium-type polymer containing N-benzyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide [Q-P(4VP–St)], was prepared by quaternizatio…
The hot-wire standard technique, mostly used for ceramic materials, was adapted to determine the thermal conductivity of nylon 6,6, polypropylene, poly(vinyl chloride), and poly(methyl methacrylate). The results obtained showed that the hot-wire standard technique can be used with accuracy and reproducibility to measu…
The modeling of network properties of copolyurethane systems of varying compositions based on hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene and poly(12-hydroxy stearic acid-co-TMP) ester polyol (PEP), a copolyester polyol derived from 12-hydroxy stearic acid and trimethylol propane, crosslinked by different triols, and cured by va…
The modeling of network properties of copolyurethane systems of varying compositions based on hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene and poly(12-hydroxy stearic acid–co–TMP) ester polyol (PEP), a copolyester polyol derived from 12-hydroxy stearic acid and trimethylol propane, crosslinked by different triols, and cured by va…
A series of polyesters was synthesized by the bulk polycondensations of the respective combinations of three stereoisomeric 1,4 : 3,6-dianhydrohexitols [1,4 : 3,6-dianhydro-D-glucitol (1), 1,4 : 3,6-dianhydro-D-mannitol (2), and 1,4 : 3,6-dianhydro-L-iditol (3)] with succinyl dichloride (4a), glutaryl dichloride (4b),…
The fate of a racemic lactic acid polymer (PLA50) was investigated by allowing parallelepiped plates of PLA50 to age in liquid medium containing a mixed culture of Fusarium moniliforme and Pseudomonas putida at 30°C. Microbial activity was monitored by measuring pH, lactic acid formation by high-performance liquid chr…