Materials Literature
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The extension of the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) model to the calculation of the ultrafast transient optical response of metal nanoparticles, whatever their shape, is presented. For this, the DDA is combined with the resolution of the Boltzmann equation for the conduction electrons within the low-perturbation…
The macroscopic mechanical properties of polyaniline (PANI) lie mainly on two factors, the structure of molecular aggregations of polymers and the mechanical properties of a single polymer chain. The former factor is well revealed; however, the latter is rarely studied. In this article, we have employed atomic force m…
To understand the effect of impurity concentration in hydrogen dissociation and diffusion, an extensive first-principles investigation has been performed over doubly substituted Mg surface and the findings have been compared to those of single substitution. The calculations have been carried out using density function…
Bridging pyrrole and selenophene chemistries: Molecular assemblies have been developed that allow scrutiny of the electronic communication between pyrrole and selenophene nuclei. Divergent syntheses of 2-(selenophen-2-yl)pyrroles and their N-vinyl derivatives from available 2-acylselenophenes and acetylenes in a one-p…
Abstract Major Applications Polyurethane flexible foams find applications in protective packaging, gaskets, textile laminates, protective cushioning in automobiles, and two component injection-grouting resins. Rigid polyurethane foams are used as thermal insulating materials in refrigerators, freezers, and water heate…
The solution of the inverse problem in scatterometry employing deep ultraviolet light (DUV) is discussed, i.e. we consider the determination of periodic surface structures from light diffraction patterns. With decreasing dimensions of the structures on photo lithography masks and wafers, increasing demands on the requ…
We developed an efficient method for the production of unique porous silicon structures, capable of achieving very small (less than 20 nm diameter) and uniform pore sizes, without the need for an external electrochemical cell or precoating of a discontinuous metal film. The method consists of the immersion of Si into…
Abstract Leicht entkernbar : Selbstorganisierte Peptidnanodrähte fungieren als Templat für die Synthese hohler Polyanilin(PANI)‐Nanoröhren (siehe Rasterelektronenmikroskopie‐Aufnahmen). Die Dicke und Morphologie der PANI‐Nanostrukturen lassen sich leicht durch Variation der Reaktionszeit oder durch Aufbringen mehrerer…
The syntheses and transition temperatures of 2-(4-butylsulphanylphenyl)-6-isothiocyanatonaphthalene and 1-(4-butylsulphanylphenyl)-2-(6-isothiocyanato-2-naphthyl)ethyne are reported and discussed. These are the first examples of mesogenic isothiocyanatonaphthalenes to be reported in the literature. The transition temp…
Electrical interconnects in integrated circuits have shrunk to sizes in the range of 20-100 nm. Accurate measurements of the dimensions of these nanowires are essential for identifying the dominant electron scattering mechanisms affecting wire resistivity as they continue to shrink. We report a systematic study of the…
Abstract Herein we explore the possibility to control the fabrication of non‐equilibrium nano‐patterns of spin‐coated organic‐inorganic hybrid materials based on diblock copolymers and metal nanoparticles in thin films. It is demonstrated that the type of solvent and the initial solution concentration, among other fac…
Influence from surface roughness of a forming tool surface on its ability to pick up work material was investigated by laboratory testing. One powder metallurgical tool steel was given different surface roughnesses and tested in sliding contact against one austenitic stainless steel (SS) and one aluminium alloy (Al).…
The tool steel AISI D2 is usually processed by vacuum hardening followed by multiple tempering cycles. Deep cold treatment in between the hardening and tempering processes could reduce processing time and improve the final properties. Blocks of AISI D2 were vacuum hardened from different austenitizing temperatures. Th…
The article presents modern applications of gas nitriding and its derivative processes. The results of industrial applications of nitriding, developed by the Institute of Precision Mechanics are given. The applications described comprise: anti-corrosion nitriding, nitriding of hot forming tools, highly stressed machin…
The improvement in the life of tool and alloy steels, when treated at 88 K for 24 hours has been conclusively established. It is however not clear as to what factors of the Deep Subzero process (DSZ) actually contribute towards improved performance of tools. It is also not clear, whether treatment for 24 hours is appl…
This article gives an overview of recent trends in the heat treatment of corrosion resistant tool steels for plastics processing with special regard to newly developed steel grades and their properties. The article focuses on the different steps of the heat treatment process and their impact on the microstructure and…
Protein structures often show similarities to another which would not be seen at the sequence level. Given the coordinates of a protein chain, the SALAMI server at www.zbh.uni-hamburg.de/salami will search the protein data bank and return a set of similar structures without using sequence information. The results page…
We present a study concerning the partial substitution of yttrium at the lanthanum site of the undoped LaFeAsO and superconducting ${\text{LaFeAsO}}_{0.85}{\text{F}}_{0.15}$ compounds. We prepared samples with a nominal yttrium content up to 70% producing simultaneous shrinkage of both the $a$- and $c$-lattice paramet…
A higher goal: An on-wafer crystallization process to prepare pure silica zeolite (PSZ) MEL-type films that is superior to the previously used hydrothermal process is reported. These striation-free MEL-type films (right, see picture) outperform the traditional spin-on films (left) in terms of the kappa value, mechanic…
Structural and rheological features of a series of molecular hydrogels formed by synthetic bile salt analogues have been scrutinized. Among seven gelators, two are neutral compounds, while the others are cationic systems among which one is a tripodal steroid derivative. Despite the fact that the chemical structures ar…