Materials Literature
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The compounding of calcium carbonate filled polypropylene (PP) is discussed with reference to a single-screw extruder and variants of mixing sections. The mixing section on the screw is exchangeable, and two dispersive mixing elements, namely the Zorro and the Maddock elements, were used. The calcium carbonate was sur…
Water-absorbing polyurethane foams were prepared from liquefied starch polyols and diphenylmathane diisocyanate (MDI) by using a cell-opening foaming surfactant. The liquefied starch polyols were obtained by the liquefactions of starch in the presence of polyethylene glycol-dominant reaction reagents by using sulfuric…
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characterized by x-ray powder diffraction is a layered compound isostructural with : a = 3.80 Å; c = 22.19 Å; space group . The magnetic properties are similar to those of but with an even more pronounced difference between the intralayer and interlayer exchange interactions of localized moments. The magnetic suscepti…
We describe an optically transparent, laser heated, thermoluminescent glass dosimeter that is used for fiber-optic-coupled remote radiation monitoring. The glass consists of ZnS nanocrystallites embedded in a Vycor glass host, doped with Cu1+ and Nd3+ ions. An 807 nm, 1 W GaAlAs laser is used to rapidly heat microscop…
Monolithic and composite advanced ceramics have reached sufficient levels of material development to warrant serious consideration for applications in advanced heat engines. These applications require optimum material behavior with physical and mechanical property reproducibility, component reliability, and well-defin…
A simple model for polyethyleneoxide (PEO) is introduced and analyzed by Monte Carlo simulation. The occurrence of a solvation shell of PEO in water is modeled by two internal states of the monomers with an energy difference P . In the solvated state the monomer excluded volume increases due to the bound water and pre…
We report a neutron scattering study of depletion interactions in a mixture of colloid and nonadsorbing polymer. It is found that the measured colloidal structure factor can be well described by an effective interaction potential for the polymer-induced depletion attraction between the colloidal particles. The amplitu…
The freezing transition of hard spheres confined between two parallel hard plates is studied for different plate separations interpolating between two and three spatial dimensions. Using Monte Carlo simulations and free volume theory, the full phase diagram is obtained exhibiting solid-to-solid transitions between buc…
We calculate the magnetic susceptibility and g-factor of the isolated C_{60}^- ion at zero temperature, with a proper treatment of the dynamical Jahn-Teller effect, and of the associated orbital angular momentum, Ham-reduced gyromagnetic ratio, and molecular spin-orbit coupling. A number of surprises emerge. First, th…
Corrosion of steel by alternating current was investigated as far back as the early 1900’s. These early studies and others in the 1950–60’s indicated that AC corrosion of steel was only a fraction of an equivalent amount of direct current (i.e. less than 1% of a like amount of DC) and in addition was controlled to neg…
Transgranular stress corrosion cracking in oil and gas linepipe was studied by testing full-scale pipes in soil environments. Three pipes made of Grade 359 (X-52) and Grade 414 (X-60) steels were used. Sixteen cracks were prepared on the external surface of each pipe, and crack growth was monitored and studied as a fu…
Nonequilibrium Brownian dynamics simulations are used to study the effect of polydispersity on the thermodynamics, rheology, microstructure, and shear-induced disorder–order transition in suspensions of charged colloids. Approximately 43 000 particles with 2000 different components of a discretized Schulz distribution…
We have investigated, using temperature-programed desorption, high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction, the formation and decomposition of the suboxides of Ru which form after exposure of NO2 to the Ru(001) surface. The NO2 (radical) molecule is not limited by any significa…
The simple shearing of a suspension of charge-stabilized, colloidal particles close to the melting line is investigated by massively parallel, nonequilibrium Brownian dynamics (NEBD) simulation. The suspension undergoes a discontinuous transition from a distorted fluid structure to an ordered ‘‘string’’ phase. Compari…
The elasticity of gelatin gels at large deformation has been measured for various experimental conditions. The general pattern is that stress increases with strain in a nonlinear way up to the point where the gel fails. To interpret this nonlinear stress increase, we studied a number of molecular models by Monte Carlo…
A new concept of conversion distribution applied to the continuous chemical modification and polymerization of polymers in a twin screw extruder was discussed. The kinetics and the residence time distribution function (RTD) are two undissociable parameters in reactive extrusion because their combination reflects the d…
This work discusses the potential of calorimetric (DSC) measurements to study the deformation process of semicrystalline polymer samples. It has been pointed out that parameters such as lamellar fragmentation and the parameter of intrachain melting cooperativity suffered significant changes, showing that the stretchin…
The influence of an air gap on the formation of a filament spun from a solution of cellulose in N-methylmorpholine N-oxide was studied. A number of parameters were investigated, principally, air-gap length, temperature, and humidity and the water content in the polymer solution. Their effect on the draw-down profile a…
The thermal and mechanical properties of blends, obtained by mixing polyamide 6 (PA6) and an amorphous aromatic copolyamide G21 (ISO nomenclature PA 6I/6T), were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and mechanical tensile tests. Quenched blends show a single glass transition…