Materials Literature
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Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation B. D. Cullity, R. Smoluchowski; Elements of X‐Ray Diffraction. Physics Today 1 March 1957; 10 (3): 50. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3060306 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends…
A theory is presented which describes the development of surface grooves at the grain boundaries of a heated polycrystal. The mechanisms of evaporation-condensation and surface diffusion are discussed with the use of the Gibbs-Thompson formula and the assumption that the properties of an interface do not depend on its…
The details of an observed absorption spectrum are shown to depend upon the thickness of the absorber. This effect is present, at least in principle, regardless of the type of radiation involved. It is discussed here specifically for x-rays, and specifically for the neighborhood of an absorption edge. Measurements of…
A modification of the diffraction theory for a disordered substitutional solid solution containing atoms of different sizes gives a more accurate and simpler expression for the size effect diffuse scattering. A comparison of the theory with measurements of the diffuse scattering for Cu/sub 3/Au near hkl = 200 shows go…
Thermoelectric power measurements have been performed on powdered nickel oxide in the temperature range 60–220°C, under different gas atmospheres. These include: oxygen, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, helium, and water vapor, at different partial pressures. The extent and direction of the ob…
The ability to form a glass, i.e., the ability to form bonds which lead to a vitreous network, appears periodically in the classification chart of the elements. Thus simple glasses containing only one kind of atom are formed by the elements of Group VI of the periodic table (O, S, Se, and Te). Only these elements are…
Compressional creep tests were run on single crystals oriented so that the direction of compression was along the c axis. Two activation energies of creep were found: approximately 24 500 cal/mole above 120°C and 12 000 cal/mole below this temperature.
The heat capacity of α-quartz has been computed over the temperature range 10–700°K, and that of vitreous silica from 10° to 900°K. Debye θ's obtained from the T3 law below 10° were used for the ``translational'' degrees of freedom, and recent infrared and Raman data for the other frequencies. Cp—Cv was negligible for…
The details of the phonon scattering produced by point imperfections in insulating crystals has been determined from measurements of the thermal conductivity of six single crystals of KCl from 3\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K as a function of the concentration of point im…
Abstract Muscovite and K-feldspar (adularia) were dry-ground to — 200/inch particles, which were suspended in water. These suspensions were “titrated” with KCl, and the pH was recorded as a function of KCl concentration and temperature. The results indicate that muscovite and adularia react with water to produce a sur…
Abstract An extensive survey of clay mineral relationships in the subsurface Wilcox formation (Eocene) has shown progressive diagenetic conversions with depth. Montmorillonite, a common constituent of Wilcox outcrop material, becomes loss evident below 3000 ft and is not normally found in an unmixed state below the 90…
The reader is introduced to some of the main points of semiconductor phenomena. Concepts of wave properties of electrons, discrete energy levels, free electrons in metals, and band theory of solids, show how semiconductors differ from metals and insulators. This is followed by a discussion of doping to create impurity…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGalvanic Cell Measurements in the Copper–Silver SystemRussell K. Edwards, James H. Downing, and Daniel CubicciottiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1957, 61, 2, 255–256Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February…
Distribution of potential within a corrodent was analyzed using several geometric arrangements of electrodes which lay in a common surface. Polarization was assumed to follow Wagner’s useful relation as it varied from point to point on the electrode in response to the local corrosion current. The distribution of the c…
The determination of the activation energy of the Eyring viscosity and diffusion theory from the isobaric temperature coefficient of the transport property is shown to be inconsistent with the assumed mechanism of the process. An alternative form of the Eyring theory makes use of an activation energy determined from t…
Abstract Electron microscope studies of chrysotile show that tubes are present in bulk specimens and that these tubes commonly have fuzzy, amorphous-looking material on both the inside and outside. Similar material is associated with synthetic chrysotile and has been noted previously in halloysite specimens. The exist…
Abstract Tobermorite [Ca 4 (Si 6 O 18 H 2 )Ca·4H 2 O] is a hydrated calcium silicate mineral with a layer structure which in some respects resembles that of vermiculite. Its dehydration has been studied using single crystals from Ballycraigy, N. Ireland. The three most frequently encountered hydration states are chara…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Thermal Decomposition of Aqueous Chromic Acid and Some Properties of the Resulting Solid Phases1B. J. Thamer, R. M. Douglass, and E. StaritzkyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 3, 547–550Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 M…
Abstract The alkaline and acid hydrolyses of polyvinylamides and their N ‐substitution derivatives have been studied and compared to the alkaline and acid hydrolyses of simple homologous substances. The rates of reaction have been followed conductometrically, and the rate constants evaluated at different temperatures…
Abstract Studies of the Recent indicate that, at the most, somewhat less than half the clay minerals are altered to any extent in a marine environment. Probably most of this alteration is in the form of cation adsorption or reconstitution of slightly weathered illites and chlorites to their original form. There appear…