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The arrangements of domains that arise in single crystals of barium titanate in the ferroelectric tetragonal phase have been studied in detail. The domains are the results of tetragonal (101) twinning, and appear by the formation of wedge-shaped laminar domains between two converging (101) twin planes. The distance of…
T necessary conditions for the existence of ferromagnetism are: (1) the atoms must have a net magnetic moment due to an unfilled electron shell, and (2) the exchange integral / relating to the exchange of electrons between neighboring atoms must be positive. This last condition is required in order that spin states of…
The dielectric constants, the spontaneous polarization, and the optical properties of BaTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ single-domain crystals have been measured as a function of temperature. It is shown that the deformation of the crystal in the tetragonal state is proportional to the square of the spontaneous polarization, in…
Transient nutations of the resultant nuclear magnetic moment vector are set up by applying radiofrequency power in the form of pulses in the neighborhood of resonance ($\ensuremath{\omega}=\ensuremath{\gamma}{H}_{0}$). The nutations have an initial amplitude depending on the state of magnetization at the start of a pu…
The partition function for a two-dimensional binary lattice is evaluated in terms of the eigenvalues of the ${2}^{n}$-dimensional matrix V characteristic for the lattice. Use is made of the properties of the ${2}^{n}$-dimensional "spin"-representation of the group of rotations in $2n$-dimensions. In consequence of the…
An attempt is made to interpret the temperature independent factor ${D}_{0}$ of the previously determined diffusion coefficients of interstitial solute atoms in metals. The primary uncertainty in the value of ${D}_{0}$ given by the standard reaction rate theory resides in an entropy factor $\mathrm{exp}(\frac{\ensurem…
Abstract A survey of depolymerization reactions has been made and the importance of the degradation emphasized in addition polymerization especially at high temperatures. In order to follow the course of the thermal degradation it is necessary to remove rapidly and measure the amount of monomer produced. In addition i…
The ultraviolet absorption spectrum of decaborane in cyclohexane shows a broad absorption with a maximum molecular extinction coefficient of 3200±100A at wave-length 2720±50A. The luminescence of decaborane dissolved in a glass at 77°K shows a continuous fluorescence extending from 3630±50A to about 6000A with a broad…
A low temperature x-ray diffraction technique, especially suitable to single crystal work, is described. Crystals are grown in glass capillaries on the x-ray camera. Position and orientation are determined with the aid of a polarizing microscope on the apparatus. A special specimen holder is used which prevents moistu…
This is a condensation of a paper presented at the Institute on Problems of aging at Washington University, St. Louis, April 11-12, 1949, as part of the session on the biology of aging. Using an apparatus designed by schade in 1912 Drs. Kirk and Kvorning conducted a series of investigations to determine the elastic pr…
Bolivian crocidolite, a fibrous amphibole, is shown to contain fibres approximating to single crystals. The structure, which is determined by standard methods leading to a Fourier projection on (001), is shown to be generally similar to that of tremolite. The more precise determination reveals certain departures from…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of Heavy Metal Soaps by X-Ray DiffractionR. D. Vold and G. S. HattiangdiCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1949, 41, 10, 2311–2320Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1949https://pubs.acs.o…
Experimental absorption line shapes at nuclear magnetic resonance are given for several simple assemblies of nuclei, with spin ½, in the solid state at temperatures between 90° and 95°K. Analysis of these data is facilitated by the theory of Van Vleck which relates the second moment of the absorption line in a rigid l…
An examination has been made of the anistropies of aome cellulose scetate fibers and of cellulose fibers regenerated from them. On comparison the celloulose fibers show comparable but somewhat larger anisotropies than the corresponding cellouls acetate fibers.
Properties of thin evaporated films of MgF2 and of CaSiO3 on glass were studied. Thicknesses of the films were determined from measurements of reflected intensity as a function of wave-length, and indices of refraction computed. Density measurements were carried out for MgF2 films. All these properties were found to b…
Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation R. B. HOXENG, C. F. PRUTTON; Electrochemical Behavior of Zinc and Steel In Aqueous Media. CORROSION 1 Octob…
A high temperature precision x-ray camera has been designed and constructed by modification of the familiar back-reflection symmetrical focusing type of camera. The camera, specimen, and furnace are used within a vacuum chamber to avoid oxidation. The apparatus in its present form has been employed at temperatures up…
Abstract The equilibrium swelling of the gum stocks of twelve different rubber vulcanizates has been measured in thirteen organic solvents. The results are in good agreement with the theory of Flory and Rehner. Values of the internal pressure (cohesive energy density) and the average molal volume between cross‐linkage…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTViscose Processing of CelluloseR. L. MitchellCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1949, 41, 10, 2197–2201Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50478a033https://doi.org/10…
A number of sulfides and oxy-sulfides of 5f-elements and of cerium have crystal structures of known types as follows: NaCl-type: CeS, ThS, US, PuS; Sb2S3-type: Th2S3, U2S3, Np2S3; PbCl2-type: ThS2; PbFCl-type: ThOS, UOS, NpOS.