The Mohs hardness scale consists of ten minerals arranged in increasing order of hardness such that each mineral will scratch the one on the scale below it, but will not scratch the one above it. Although these minerals are generally considered to be brittle, experiments show that under local indentation and during sl…

High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior

Zur Streuung mittelschneller Elektronen in kleinste Winkel

Friedrich Lenz1954-03-01OpenAlex

Zwischen der Streuung von Elektronen und Röntgenstrahlen an Atomen besteht bekanntlich eine enge Verwandtschaft: In die Berechnung der elastischen (kohärenten) Streuung geht derselbe Streufaktor ƒ, in die der unelastischen (inkohärenten) dieselbe Streufunktion S ein. Für die Röntgenstreuung hat sich die Berechnung von…

Surface and Thin Film PhenomenaAdvanced Chemical Physics StudiesElectron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques

The cross-linking and degradation of paraffin chains by high-energy radiation

A. Charlesby1954-02-23Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A Mathematical and Physical Sciences

Abstract n-Paraffins from C7H16 to C36 H74 and polyethylene polymers (Polythene and Winnothene) have been subjected to atomic pile radiation. For the paraffins there is a decrease in the melting-point, until, for a radiation dose R, they no longer melt at temperatures of 160° C or above. At about this same radiation t…

Radiation Shielding Materials AnalysisGraphite, nuclear technology, radiation studiesPolymer crystallization and properties

Secondary Electron Emission from Germanium

J. B. Johnson、K. G. McKay1954-02-15Physical Review

Secondary emission by electron bombardment has been measured for single crystals of Ge with $p\ensuremath{-}n$ junctions. Maximum yield was found in the range $\ensuremath{\delta}=1.15\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$, at ${V}_{p}\ensuremath{\approx}500$ volts and room temperature. Increasing temperature decreased the…

Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure AnalysisIon-surface interactions and analysisElectron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques

Magnetic Resonance inαFe2O3

P. W. Anderson、F. R. Merritt、J. P. Remeika 等 4 位作者1954-02-15Physical Review

Magnetic resonance experiments performed on $\ensuremath{\alpha}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ confirm the existence of a highly anisotropic, weak ferromagnetism which disappears below -15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The anisotropy energy has been studied as a function of orientation.

Magnetic Properties and Synthesis of FerritesMultiferroics and related materialsIron oxide chemistry and applications

Infrared Lattice Absorption Bands in Germanium, Silicon, and Diamond

R. J. Collins、Heng Fan1954-02-15Physical Review

Infrared absorption bands characteristic of the crystal lattice were investigated for germanium and silicon. The absorption was found to be insensitive to lattice imperfections due to impurities (\ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{18}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$) and due to disorders (\ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{19}$ ${\mathr…

Metal and Thin Film MechanicsDiamond and Carbon-based Materials ResearchAdvanced Surface Polishing Techniques

Phase Transitions in Ferroelectric KNbO3

G. Shirane、H. R. Danner、A. S. Pavlovic 等 4 位作者1954-02-15Physical Review

It is shown that ferroelectric KNb${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ undergoes another phase transition at -10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C in addition to two phase transitions previously reported at 225\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 435\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. At this lowest phase transition KNb${\mathrm…

Polymer Nanocomposites and PropertiesFerroelectric and Piezoelectric MaterialsSilicone and Siloxane Chemistry

A Study in Morphology by Electron Diffraction

L. B. Sand、J. J. Comer1954-02-01Clays and clay minerals (National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals)

Abstract A stabilized halloysite-glycerol complex was studied by electron microscope and electron diffraction techniques. The basal reflection was found to be 10.7 Å by both electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction analyses. Electron micrographs of the expanded lattice (halloysite-glycerol complex) were not differen…

Iron oxide chemistry and applicationsClay minerals and soil interactions

Interstratified Layer Silicates in Some Soils of Northern Wisconsin

L. D. Whittig、M. L. Jackson1954-02-01Clays and clay minerals (National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals)

Abstract Examination of the silt and clay fractions of two northern Wisconsin soils, Omega loamy sand of the Brown Podzolic group and Ahmeek loam of the Brown Forest group, revealed considerable quantities of interstratified layer silicates. The two soils contained montmorin, vermiculite, chlorite, and illite both as…

Clay minerals and soil interactionsSoil and Unsaturated Flow

The measurement and calculation of axial electromagnetic forces in concentric transformer windings

M. Waters1954-02-01Proceedings of the IEE - Part II Power Engineering

An experimental method of determining the axial forces in power transformers is applied to a transformer constructed so that various tapping arrangements can be set up, and curves are given of the forces which occur with typical methods of tapping concentric windings.It is considered that the simple “residual ampere-t…

Magnetic Properties and ApplicationsThermal Analysis in Power TransmissionElectromagnetic Launch and Propulsion Technology

The Mass Difference of Neutral and NegativeπMesons

W. Chinowsky、Jack Steinberger1954-02-01Physical Review

The angular correlation of the decay $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays from neutral $\ensuremath{\pi}$ mesons produced in the reaction ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n+{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ has been measured, using counter techniques. Analysis of the observed correlation function yields a val…

thermodynamics and calorimetric analysesSilicon Nanostructures and PhotoluminescenceMesoporous Materials and Catalysis

The Heat of Sublimation of Graphite and the Composition of Carbon Vapor

George Glockler1954-02-01The Journal of Chemical Physics

The total vapor pressure of graphite is calculated as a function of temperature to the harmonic oscillator-rigid rotator approximation. It is assumed that three species (C1, C2, and C3) are present in the gas. The C1 atoms are most prominent in the mixture. C3 molecules are relatively more abundant than C2 diatoms. Th…

Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studiesAdvanced Physical and Chemical Molecular InteractionsGraphene research and applications

XX. Some Ordering Effects inCu3Auat about100°c

R.A. Dugdale、A. Green1954-02-01The London Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science

Summary Using the electrical resistance as an indicator for ordering it is found that Cu3Au specimens prepared in a state of long-range order and then water quenched from 380°c (8°c below the critical temperature) show an ordering effect at about 100°c. After this has decayed a similar effect is again observed after a…

Metallurgical and Alloy ProcessesMicrostructure and mechanical propertiesQuasicrystal Structures and Properties