Materials Literature
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From a study of well-crystallized graphites direct evidence is obtained of the different spacings between oriented and disoriented layers, respectively, in a stack of parallel graphite layers. It is shown that when the proportion of disoriented layers is small there is practically a linear relation with the mean inter…
It is proposed that annealing twins form during grain growth as a result of a decrease in the interfacial free energy of grain boundaries that would not be achieved in the absence of twinning. Experiments designed to permit detection of the changes in grain boundary free energy accompanying the formation of twins give…
In order to distinguish whether it is really a ferroelectric or not, the dielectric response of PbZr${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ ceramic to biasing dc field has been examined. In contrast to ordinary ferroelectrics, an effect is scarcely detected below the Curie point of 233\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C even up to a fiel…
It is shown that a dislocation whose Burgers vector exceeds a critical value, of the order of magnitude 10A., is only in equilibrium with an empty tube at its core.This is not the case in metals or other simple crystalline solids, but is likely to be the case in protein crystals, which therefore, unfortunately, do not…
Summary In continuation of a previous paper (Bishop and Hill 1951) it is conjectured that the work done in plastically deforming a polycrystal is approximately equal to that which would be done if the grains were free to deform equally. In conjunction with the principle of maximum plastic work, this enables the yield…
Abstract Es wurden Einschlußverbindungen von β‐Dextrin (= Cycloheptaamylose) und Desoxycholsäure dargestellt, insbesondere solche mit leicht polarisierbaren und gefärbten Molekülen. Dabei zeigten sich charakteristische Veränderungen der Eigenschaften der eingeschlossenen Moleküle im Sinne einer Lockerung der Elektrone…
Abstract An investigation of the structure of carbons of different origin treated at temperatures between 1000 and 3000°C has shown that the graphitizing and non-graphitizing carbons form two distinct and well-defined classes. The differences in structure are apparent from the earliest stages of carbonization, and may…
A discussion of the results of a study of the stopping properties for moderately energetic (\ensuremath{\le} 1.0-Mev) electrons is given, with special emphasis placed on the distribution in energy loss for a finite thickness of stopping material. Several theoretical expressions (Bethe-Bloch-Williams, Landau, Blunck-Le…
The effects of the single fiber property fiber fineness on the physical properties of single yarns, both coarse and fine and of varying twist, were investigated. To permit the study of fiber fine ness while maintaining other important properties approximately constant, a special technique was used which controlled the…
Internal friction studies have been made of an alloy 88 percent Mn-12 percent Cu. This alloy when annealed at 925°C and quenched to room temperature has a tetragonal structure of axial ratio 0.97. Twins are readily formed along the (101) and (011) planes. It has been suggested that relaxation across these twin boundar…
The thermal expansion coefficients of five magnesia‐alumina‐silica glasses were measured in the range 25° to 700°C. by the use of the interferometer. The glasses included the 1345° and 1360°C. eutectic compositions and three compositions having molecular ratios of 1 : 1 :4, 1 : 1 :6, and 1 : 1 : 10. The relation of th…
Recent research on the carbon reinforcement of rubber is reviewed and existing theories examined. The stiffening effect of carbon black is thought to be little influenced by the size of the individual spherical particles, but values of tensile strength, tear strength, and abrasion resistance increase with decreasing p…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Rate of Rise of Liquids in Fine Vertical CapillariesJoseph R. Ligenza and Richard B. BernsteinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 10, 4636–4638Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1951https:/…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Photochemistry of Riboflavin and Related CompoundsMurray HalwerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 10, 4870–4874Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1951https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01154a118RIG…
Simple expressions are derived for the range and straggling of individual electrons. Large energy losses due to bremsstrahlung make the average range smaller than would be calculated from the average energy loss. Effects of multiple scattering are included. The results are in good agreement with numerical calculations…
In amorphous and hexagonal selenium optical absorption and photoconductivity were studied in their dependence on temperature. The absorption edge shifts for amorphous selenium toward shorter wavelengths with decreasing temperature. For a temperature change from 300° to 90°K and a layer thickness of 98μ, for example, a…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Persulfate-Iron(II) Initiator System for Free Radical Polymerizations1J. W. L. Fordham and H. Leverne WilliamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 10, 4855–4859Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 Oct…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyelectrolyte Behavior of Polyamides. I. Viscosities of Solutions of Linear Polyamides in Formic Acid and in Sulfuric Acid1John R. Schaefgen and Charles F. TrivisonnoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 10, 4580–4585Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1951Publication His…
This paper is a study of the geometry of fabric interstices as related to air flow through cloth structures. It assumes that textile yarns act as flexible, inextensible, circular cylinders. Modes of thread interlacing are classified, and minimum horizontal pore areas for each type of intermesh are calculated. Minimum…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of the Hydrides of Zinc, Cadmium, Beryllium, Magnesium and Lithium by the Use of Lithium Aluminum Hydride1Glenn D. Barbaras, Clyde Dillard, A. E. Finholt, Thomas Wartik, K. E. Wilzbach, and H. I. SchlesingerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 10, 4585–4590…