Soil moisture determination
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Die bestimmung des gehaltes an hochofenschlacke in hüttenzementen
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Mohs's Hardness Scale - A Physical Interpretation
The Mohs hardness scale consists of ten minerals arranged in increasing order of hardness such that each mineral will scratch the one on the scale below it, but will not scratch the one above it. Although these minerals are generally considered to be brittle, experiments show that under local indentation and during sl…
Zur Streuung mittelschneller Elektronen in kleinste Winkel
Zwischen der Streuung von Elektronen und Röntgenstrahlen an Atomen besteht bekanntlich eine enge Verwandtschaft: In die Berechnung der elastischen (kohärenten) Streuung geht derselbe Streufaktor ƒ, in die der unelastischen (inkohärenten) dieselbe Streufunktion S ein. Für die Röntgenstreuung hat sich die Berechnung von…
The cross-linking and degradation of paraffin chains by high-energy radiation
Abstract n-Paraffins from C7H16 to C36 H74 and polyethylene polymers (Polythene and Winnothene) have been subjected to atomic pile radiation. For the paraffins there is a decrease in the melting-point, until, for a radiation dose R, they no longer melt at temperatures of 160° C or above. At about this same radiation t…
Secondary Electron Emission from Germanium
Secondary emission by electron bombardment has been measured for single crystals of Ge with $p\ensuremath{-}n$ junctions. Maximum yield was found in the range $\ensuremath{\delta}=1.15\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$, at ${V}_{p}\ensuremath{\approx}500$ volts and room temperature. Increasing temperature decreased the…
Magnetic Resonance inαFe2O3
Magnetic resonance experiments performed on $\ensuremath{\alpha}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ confirm the existence of a highly anisotropic, weak ferromagnetism which disappears below -15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The anisotropy energy has been studied as a function of orientation.
Infrared Lattice Absorption Bands in Germanium, Silicon, and Diamond
Infrared absorption bands characteristic of the crystal lattice were investigated for germanium and silicon. The absorption was found to be insensitive to lattice imperfections due to impurities (\ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{18}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$) and due to disorders (\ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{19}$ ${\mathr…
Phase Transitions in Ferroelectric KNbO3
It is shown that ferroelectric KNb${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ undergoes another phase transition at -10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C in addition to two phase transitions previously reported at 225\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 435\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. At this lowest phase transition KNb${\mathrm…
A Study in Morphology by Electron Diffraction
Abstract A stabilized halloysite-glycerol complex was studied by electron microscope and electron diffraction techniques. The basal reflection was found to be 10.7 Å by both electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction analyses. Electron micrographs of the expanded lattice (halloysite-glycerol complex) were not differen…
Interstratified Layer Silicates in Some Soils of Northern Wisconsin
Abstract Examination of the silt and clay fractions of two northern Wisconsin soils, Omega loamy sand of the Brown Podzolic group and Ahmeek loam of the Brown Forest group, revealed considerable quantities of interstratified layer silicates. The two soils contained montmorin, vermiculite, chlorite, and illite both as…
The measurement and calculation of axial electromagnetic forces in concentric transformer windings
An experimental method of determining the axial forces in power transformers is applied to a transformer constructed so that various tapping arrangements can be set up, and curves are given of the forces which occur with typical methods of tapping concentric windings.It is considered that the simple “residual ampere-t…
The Mass Difference of Neutral and NegativeπMesons
The angular correlation of the decay $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays from neutral $\ensuremath{\pi}$ mesons produced in the reaction ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n+{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ has been measured, using counter techniques. Analysis of the observed correlation function yields a val…
The Heat of Sublimation of Graphite and the Composition of Carbon Vapor
The total vapor pressure of graphite is calculated as a function of temperature to the harmonic oscillator-rigid rotator approximation. It is assumed that three species (C1, C2, and C3) are present in the gas. The C1 atoms are most prominent in the mixture. C3 molecules are relatively more abundant than C2 diatoms. Th…
XX. Some Ordering Effects inCu3Auat about100°c
Summary Using the electrical resistance as an indicator for ordering it is found that Cu3Au specimens prepared in a state of long-range order and then water quenched from 380°c (8°c below the critical temperature) show an ordering effect at about 100°c. After this has decayed a similar effect is again observed after a…
The Electrical Conductivity of Supercritical Solutions of Sodium Chloride and Water
A description is given of the method used to measure the electrical conductivity of NaCl in steam at steam densities between 0.2 and 0.4 g/cc. Values of the specific and equivalent conductances are tabulated at 378, 383, 388, and 393°C for various NaCl concentrations at different steam densities. Sodium chloride behav…
Ferrites for Microwave Circuits and Digital Computers
Ferrites of the system MgO–MnO–Fe2O3 have been investigated, and two new classes of magnetic materials have been developed. One class of ferrite has low losses and shows the Faraday rotation effect at microwave frequencies, which makes it useful in new types of microwave components. A second class of ferrite has a rec…
Introduction to Electron Microscopy
Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Cecil E. Hall, Robert L. Weber; Introduction to Electron Microscopy. Am. J. Phys. 1 February 1954…
Ferroelectricity and crystal structure. II
Ferroelectrics are crystals with pseudosyrmnetric structures of polar symmetry in which the direction of polarity can be reversed by an applied field.They are found when the directed bond system of certain atoms changes with temperature while the ionic character of the structure is still important.If only one kind of…
THE RATE OF DISSOLUTION OF COPPER
The rate of dissolution of polycrystalline metallic copper in sulphuric acid solutions has been determined as a function of temperature, oxygen pressure, rotation speed, hydrogen ion concentration, sample area, and corroding solution volume. A typical set of conditions would involve a volume of 500 ml. of air-saturate…