Materials Literature
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ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyexomethylene Small-Ring Hydrocarbons: Tetramethylenecyclobutane and DihydrotetramethylenecyclobutaneG. W. Griffin and L. I. PetersonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 15, 2268–2273Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Pu…
The Jander, Dünwald‐Wagner, and Ginstling‐Brounshteǐn equations for isothermal reaction kinetics are discussed and compared directly. A table of α (fraction of total material reacted) versus Kt (product of isothermal reaction constant and time) is given for each of the three equations. In order of decreasi…
The concept of lamellar, crystalline polymers with molecular ends and comonomer components included in the crystal lattice as defects has been used to derive a relationship between first-order transition temperature, comonomer content, molecular weight, and lamellar thickness. The relationship is reduced to equations…
Abstract N‐Alkyl quaternary ammonium compounds inhibit the acid corrosion of steel, the effectiveness increasing regularly with alkyl chain length between 4 and 16 carbon atoms. The inhibition obtained with the longer chain compounds shows considerable persistence after treated samples are transferred to a pure acid b…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBatch and Continuous Thickening. Basic Theory. Solids Flux for Rigid SpheresP. T. Shannon, Elwood Stroupe, and E. M. ToryCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1963, 2, 3, 203–211Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published ini…
Abstract Deuterated analogs of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) have been prepared and their infrared spectra analyzed as an aid to the more detailed assignment of bands in the spectrum of PVC. The following deuterated polymers were studied: PVC‐α d 1 , PVC‐β d 1 , PVC‐αβ d 2 , and PVC‐ d 3 . These, as well as PVC, were polym…
The normal tungstates (R2O3·3WO3) of all rare-earth elements have been prepared as well as the 1:1 oxytungstates (R2O3·WO3) of all except Sc and Ce. Physical properties were studied with particular emphasis on luminescence.
An applied field of 105 V/cm produces electron emission from apparently smooth surfaces at room temperature. It is found experimentally that this prebreakdown emission is independent of emitter temperature up to 1000°K. Using a shadow electron microscope, projections about 2 μ high capable of producing field enhanceme…
It is shown that the bond length of an SO bond and the bond angle of an SO 2 group may be very satisfactorily correlated with the SO stretching frequency. The bond-length – stretching-frequency relationship is used to predict some bond lengths that have not been measured and the OSO angles in some sulphuryl compounds…
The "shell model" of an alkali halide is extended to take into account short-range forces between both first- and second-nearest neighbor atoms in the crystal, the polarizability of both ions, and the possibility that the ionic charge may be less than one electronic charge. The arbitrary parameters of the model have b…
The disordered structure above the Curie temperature (about 160°C) of NaNO 2 was studied by the X-ray diffuse scattering. The observed diffuse scattering, the satellites or the diffuse maxima and the plate-like diffuse scattering normal to the b * axis around them, can be interpreted on the basis of a certain disorder…
The relative phosphorescence to fluorescence quantum yields and phosphorescence lifetimes of naphthalene have been measured in a number of glassy media, some of which contain perturbing atoms of large atomic number. The intersystem crossing process S′→T is very sensitive to external heavy-atom perturbation. It is show…
Abstract The growing interest in the use of CO2 in crude oil recovery increases the need for data on the effect of CO2 on hydrocarbon physical properties. Data are presented on the solubility of CO2 in various dead oils, the swelling changes in CO2 -oil solutions and the effect of CO2 on dead oil viscosity. This later…
Abstract Differential thermal analysis was applied for the investigation of melting and crystallization behavior of high polymers. The heats of fusion of crystalline regions were obtained as follows: 45.6 cal./g. for nylon 6, 46.8 cal./g. for nylon 66, 47.9 cal./g. for nylon 610, 54.1 cal./g. for nylon 11, 58.7 cal./g…
Abstract Kinetic studies have been made of the thermal decomposition of precipitated calcium carbonate, powdered calcite, and regular fragments of calcite crystals. The powdered materials were examined in the form of pellets, which were prepared by compacting the powder to about 70% of its theoretical density. The wor…
Earlier work in this laboratory on tracer diffusion of solutes in βTi, which resulted in abnormally low values of activation energy and frequency factor, has been extended to higher temperatures. Diffusion coefficients for the solutes Nb, Mo, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni have been measured over the whole available temperatur…
Structures of silicon and germanium (111) surfaces produced at room temperature by the Gobeli—Allen cleavage technique have been studied by low-energy electron diffraction. Both have a rectangular unit mesh which measures √3×1 with respect to the parallel threefold symmetrical substrate mesh. Thus three domain orienta…
X-ray and optical data have been obtained on vaterite single crystals grown by ionic diffusion in aqueous solution. These data indicated that vaterite has hexagonal symmetry with a prominent pseudo-cell where a' =4.13, c'= 8.49 ~, Z' =2. Five weak superstructure reflections have also been observed. These show the true…
To account for spherulitic crystallization from the melt, one must explain the origins (i) of fibrous crystal habits in the absence of appreciable temperature gradients and (ii) of profuse noncrystallographic branching. Attention is drawn to properties held in common by spherulite-forming melts of various types and, i…
Cross-linking is a process of considerabie commercial as well as biological importance. It gives useful properties to a wide variety of polymers; some, such as rubber would be almost useless if it did not occur. The facilitate of cross-linking for commercnai purposes, however, usually entails the use of heat or certai…