Materials Literature
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The temperature difference method was applied to grow a large single crystal of cubic boron nitride (cBN) under ∼55 kbar and ∼1800 °C using LiCaBN2 as a solvent. The effect of supersaturation of boron and nitrogen atoms in the solvent was studied by changing the temperature difference. The observed difference of the s…
A vector hysteresis model for particulate media has been developed and applied to a two-dimensional, self-consistent simulation of the magnetic recording process. Vector modeling is accomplished using a scalar Preisach model recording process. Vector modeling is accomplished using a scalar Preisach model for each of t…
The interaction of sulfur-containing molecules with titanium oxide surfaces is of significant technological importance since ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ is a widely studied catalyst support and sulfur is a notorious catalyst poison. We report here a study of the interaction of sulfur dioxide with both nearly perfect and high…
The magnetostriction of a single crystal of Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe1.95 grown by the Bridgman technique was measured over the temperature range of magnetic anisotropy compensation (300–330 K). Using a growth rate of 3 cm/h, twinned dendrites were suppressed. We looked for, but found no evidence of, modification of the cubic st…
Hard-carbon films prepared by the rf-plasma decomposition of acetylene have been investigated by high-resolution 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the H(15Nα,γ)C nuclear resonant reaction. It was found that the ratio of sp2:sp3 bound carbon was 1.6, and that virtu…
Neutron diffraction studies have been made on the intermetallic compounds, ErFe2Ni, ErFe1.5Ni1.5, and ErFeNi2, to determine the effect of the nonmagnetic Ni atoms on the three magnetic phases of ErFe3. Diffraction patterns above the Curie temperature show that Ni atoms almost exclusively occupy the h1 sites. At room t…
By modifying the microstructure (a/H) and magnetocrystalline anisotropy (b/H2) terms of the approach-to-saturation (ATS) law, the range of fields over which these terms remain finite is extended to low fields and a good approximation to the hysteresis loop may be constructed in its entirety. The model involves the int…
In order to study the local atomic environments of both B and Fe in Fe3B1−xCx (0.1≤x≤0.4), NMR measurements of the hyperfine field distributions for 10B, 11B, and 57Fe have been performed at 4.2 K and from 10 to 60 MHz. It was found that the 11B and 57Fe NMR frequencies do not change with C concentration. From these r…
Extensive study was made on Fe-base crystalline alloys in search for new soft magnetic materials with high saturation magnetization by means of sputtering technique. It revealed that newly found FeGaSi and FeAlGe alloy systems possessed excellent soft magnetic properties with remarkably higher saturation magnetization…
Dislocations affect the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials by pinning the domain walls. The primary mechanism is interaction between the stress fields of dislocation and domain walls. Using magnetic nondestructive methods, namely the acoustic Barkhausen noise (AB), magnetic Barkhausen noise (MB), and the h…
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been employed to study the changes which occur in the powders used to prepare Fe-R-B permanent magnets upon heating. Three exothermic reactions are observed upon heating the powders. The correlation of DSC data with the magnetic properties of Fe-R-B powders shows that these…
Mn-Al films have been prepared by dc magnetron sputtering and their crystallographic characteristics, magnetic properties, electrical resistivity, and internal stress have been investigated. The films deposited when substrate temperature Ts was below 100 °C and above 170 °C exhibit a high-temperature ε phase and β-Mn–…
A crude analysis of the observed thickness dependence of the conductivity in fine-grained metals shows a very weak connection with the resistivity caused by grain-boundary scattering. An ``effective intrinsic mean free path'' for the whole polycrystal, as introduced in the well-known theory of Mayadas and Shatzkes, ca…
We have measured the kinetic parameters for the removal of SiO2 films from silicon in ultrahigh vacuum using Auger electron spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction, both with and without a beam of atomic silicon incident on the surface. Due to the very low vapor pressure of SiO2, it is removed only through re…
The recent development of a high-magnetization nickel–zinc ferrite with stress-insensitive square hysteresis loop achieved through substitution of Mn3+ ions has prompted a study of the family Fe3+0.65Zn2+0.35 [Ni2+0.65Fe3+1.35−xMn3+x]O4. The magnetic and dielectric properties of compositions with x ranging from 0 to 0…
Magnetization and anisotropy field of R2Co14B with R being La, Nd, and Gd and of Nd2(Fe1−xCox)14B have been measured on single-crystal specimens. The cobalt sublattice has a planar anisotropy: K1=−1.30 MJ/m3 at 4.2 K for La2Co14B with the [110] direction being the room-temperature easy direction of magnetization. The…
In ferromagnetic materials complex hysteresis curves of magnetization processes can be described by the magnetic history dependent calculation of consecutive Everett integrals of the two-variable Preisach function. For the one-dimensional case, when the external magnetic field varies along a fixed direction, an explic…
Results of structural and microanalytical studies on sintered iron rare-earth boron permanent magnets are presented in this paper. It is shown that the structure of the phase present at the two-grain boundaries is the same as that of the phase at the three-grain junctions; both are fcc with a lattice parameter of 5.24…
We prove that there are precisely three distinct icosahedrally symmetric lattices in three dimensions that are integral linear combinations of six vectors. By lattice, we mean a set of vectors which is closed under addition and subtraction. These three lattices can be represented as projections of the six-dimensional…
We have fabricated a macroscopically isotropic permanent magnet material (Ovonic Hi-RemTM) which significantly exceeds conventionally understood performance limits for a material with saturation magnetization Ms =16 kG. Enhanced magnetic properties, including a remanent magnetization Mr =9–10 kG or more, and a maximum…