Materials Literature
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For a dimer with a non-degenerate orbital built from atomic wave functions of Gaussian shape we evaluate all the electron-phonon couplings derived from the one-body and two-body electronic interactions, considering both the adiabatic and extreme non-adiabatic limit. Not only the values of the coupling parameters in th…
Chemical etching, plasma, and ion beam treatments were used to modify the surface of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Each surface treatment method developed different surface characteristics. In addition to morphological observation, contact angle, atomic chemical composition, and adhesion strength were measured after…
We have measured the heat capacity and magnetization of the spin one one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet NDMAP and constructed a magnetic field versus temperature phase diagram. We found a field induced long-range magnetic ordering. We have been successful in explaining the phase diagram theoretically.
In this paper we generalize the quantum mechanical model of three coupled oscillators because of its usage in the crystal optical activity. Using this model we can include the influence of all essential couplings between single oscillators which represent the molecules or atoms of optically active crystals belonging f…
It is shown that some formulae describing optical rotatory dispersion of $α$-quartz with the aid of two Drude's terms reduce to the combined formula containing one Drude's and one Chandrasekhar's term. Comparison of various formulae describing the experimental data of $α$-quartz leads to the conclusion that the optica…
In this paper we discuss more wide applicability of the Chandrasekhar model of coupled oscillators in the optical rotatory dispersion of the crystals. We solve the problem using the Chandrasekhar model of two coupled oscillators in the case when we include all couplings between adjacent oscillators on the helix that i…
In the present work, contact angles formed by drops of diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, formamide, diiodomethane, water, and mercury on a film of polypropylene (PP), on plates of polystyrene (PS), and on plates of a liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) were measured at 20°C. Then the surface energies of those polymers…
SBA-15 ordered mesoporous silicas were synthesized using the method reported by Zhao et al. The structures of these materials were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and nitrogen adsorption. The samples were found to exhibit structural properties similar to those repo…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Fuel additives are emitted in the particulate phase, either incorporated in soot particles or forming new ultrafine particles. Formation of new particles occurs as soon as the amount of additive exceeds a certain limit, depending on the soot emission factor. This has been shown by…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) has long been used in gasoline and light-duty diesel engines as a NO<sub>x</sub> reduction tool. Recently imposed emission regulations led several heavy-duty diesel engine manufacturers to adopt EGR as part of their strategy to reduce NO…
We report a set of data on the evolution of stress in thin-film metallization wires during the transient region of electromigration. The excellent strain sensitivity of the x-ray microbeam topography technique allows real-time, spatially resolved measurements at the lowest currents reported to date (1.0×104–1.4×105 A/…
The self-assembly of amorphous three-dimensional arrays of CdSe nanocrystals is probed in real time using multiple-reflection, infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy by following the solvent and the organic ligands that passivate the nanocrystal surface. During the self-assembly of a 250 ML array from pyrid…
The core structure and stability of the 90 degrees partial dislocation in diamond is studied within isotropic elasticity theory and ab initio total energy calculations. The double-period reconstruction is found to be more stable than the single-period reconstruction for a broad range of stress states. The analysis of…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">The aim of the project was to demonstrate and evaluate the feasibility of DME (Dimethyl Ether) fuelled buses, through laboratory and field tests.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The performance and emission targets of the HD DME engine has been successfully demon…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Based on the knowledge that cavitation in a nozzle enhances the atomization of fuel spray, fuel modification is conducted by blending Dimethyl Ether (DME). Because the boiling point of DME is -24.8°C, it may easily take place during the cavitation in an injection nozzle. Furthermo…
We report on a method for directed assembly of integrated carbon nanotube circuits using selective area chemical vapor deposition on prepatterned catalyst electrodes. The circuits consist of a multiwall carbon nanotube bridging a pair of electrodes, forming a metal/carbon nanotube/metal structure. Electron-beam lithog…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Increasingly stringent emissions legislation has resulted in a requirement for aftertreatment technologies capable of removing nitrogenous oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) from lean exhaust environments.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Non-thermal plasma…
The mechanisms of brittle-to-ductile transition of fracture in intrinsically brittle crystalline solids such as structural steel have been of great technological interest for a long time. While much useful phenomenology on this important bifurcation behavior has evolved through material testing and alloy development t…
We present a simple shadow mask method to fabricate electrodes with nanometer scale separation. Metal wires with gaps are made by incorporating multiwall carbon nanotubes or single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) bundles into a trilayer electron beam lithography process. The simple, highly controllable, and scaleable meth…
Silica colloids with a diameter of 240–360 nm, grown by wet chemical synthesis using ethanol, ammonia, water, and tetraethoxysilane, were implanted with 350 keV Er ions, to peak concentrations of 0.2–1.1 at. % and put onto a silicon or glass substrate. After annealing at 700–900 °C the colloids show clear room-tempera…