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XCV. Symmetry changes in barium titanate at low temperatures and their relation to its ferroelectric properties

H. F. Kay、P. Vousden1949-10-01OpenAlex

Summary The optical changes in BaTiO3 are described, and it is shown that they can be completely explained if the crystal symmetry changes from tetragonal to orthorhombic at -5°C, and then to rhombohedral at -90°C. These changes have been confirmed by X-ray investigations, and it is concluded that the three transition…

Solid-state spectroscopy and crystallographyX-ray Diffraction in CrystallographyFerroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials

XCVI. Theory of barium titanate

A. F. Devonshire1949-10-01OpenAlex

Summary The theory of the dielectric and crystallographic properties of barium titanate is considered. By expanding the free energy as a function of polarization and strain and making reasonable assumptions about the coefficients, it is found possible to account for the various crystal transitions. Calculations are ma…

Thermal and Kinetic AnalysisFerroelectric and Piezoelectric MaterialsMicrowave Dielectric Ceramics Synthesis

Spontaneous emulsification of pure xylene in an aqueous solution through mere adsorption of a detergent in the interface

A. Kaminski、James W. McBain1949-09-07Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A Mathematical and Physical Sciences

Abstract Spontaneous emulsification of a pure liquid can occur. This is demonstrated when liquid hydrocarbons are quietly placed upon the surface of the solution of a suitable detergent. Here special attention has been given to xylene placed upon moderately dilute solutions of dodecylamine hydrochloride. In many cases…

Fluid Dynamics and MixingInnovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques InnovationPickering emulsions and particle stabilization

Chemorheology of Polysulfide Rubbers

Marcos Mochulsky、A. V. Tobolsky1949-09-01Rubber Chemistry and Technology

Abstract Experimental results indicate that the socalled “cold flow” of polysulfide rubbers is almost certainly chemical rather than physical in nature. The term chemorheology has been adopted to describe this chemical type of plasticity. The experimental method employed in this investigation was the measurement of re…

Polymer crystallization and propertiesRheology and Fluid Dynamics StudiesPolymer Nanocomposites and Properties

An Example of the Difficulty in Obtaining Equilibrium Corresponding to a Macrocrystalline Non-volatile Phase. The Reaction Mg(OH)2 ⇄ MgO + H2O(g)

W. F. Giauque1949-09-01Journal of the American Chemical Society

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn Example of the Difficulty in Obtaining Equilibrium Corresponding to a Macrocrystalline Non-volatile Phase. The Reaction Mg(OH)2 ⇄ MgO + H2O(g)W. F. GiauqueCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 9, 3192–3194Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1949Publication History Publ…

Zeolite Catalysis and SynthesisIron oxide chemistry and applicationsCalcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition

Thermal Conductivity of Liquid Silicones

Oscar Kenneth Bates1949-09-01Industrial & Engineering Chemistry

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal Conductivity of Liquid SiliconesO. Kenneth BatesCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1949, 41, 9, 1966–1968Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50477a030http…

Phase Equilibria and ThermodynamicsThermal and Kinetic Analysisthermodynamics and calorimetric analyses

Aging of Elastomers. Comparison of Creep with Some Conventional Aging Methods

M. C. Throdahl1949-09-01Rubber Chemistry and Technology

Abstract Subjection of elastomers to mechanical stresses results in unusually complicated behavior. Recent theoretical researches have shown that this behavior cannot be described satisfactorily by either of the classical theories of elasticity or viscosity. The general molecular theories which describe the behavior o…

Polymer Nanocomposites and PropertiesPolymer crystallization and propertiesThermal and Kinetic Analysis

Action of Organic Accelerators in Vulcanization of Rubber. Effect of Basicity

G. D. Kratz、H. H. Young、Isadore Katz1949-09-01Rubber Chemistry and Technology

Abstract When organic compounds were first found to function as accelerators for the vulcanization of rubber, Peachey and others attributed their activity, at least in part, to the basicity of the substances employed. Patents, to mention but one, were issued stating that there was a specific order of basic strength be…

Synthesis and properties of polymersPolymer Nanocomposites and Properties

Preparation and Polymerization of Unsaturated Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

George B. Butler、Robert L. Bunch1949-09-01Journal of the American Chemical Society

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Polymerization of Unsaturated Quaternary Ammonium CompoundsGeorge B. Butler and Robert L. BunchCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 9, 3120–3122Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 Septe…

Polymer Synthesis and CharacterizationChemistry and Chemical EngineeringInorganic and Organometallic Chemistry