Materials Literature
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Abstract The physical optics of iridescent multilayered plastic films are analyzed theoretically relating the layer thickness, layer arrangement, and refractive index difference between layers to the reflection spectra for light at normal incidence. Very vivid iridescent and metallic‐appearing films may be made by pro…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEscherichia coli citrate synthase. Purification and the effect of potassium on some propertiesGerald R. Faloona and Paul A. SrereCite this: Biochemistry 1969, 8, 11, 4497–4503Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published ini…
Electrochemical studies were made in aqueous LiCl, MgCl2, and MgBr2 solutions and in ZnCl2/KCl molten salt to clarify the corrosion reactions related to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of austenitic stainless steel and to better define environmental variables critical to the occurrence of chloride SCC. Type 304 stainl…
The mechanical properties of chemically vapor‐deposited β‐Sic were measured in bending between room temperature and 1400°C. Material with grain diameters from less than 1 to 15 μm was tested. No grain‐size dependence of the bend strength of dense (<99% of theoretical) Sic was observed at any test temperature. The f…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicelle formation in pure ethylene glycolAshoka RayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 23, 6511–6512Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01051a069https://…
Transmittance and reflectance studies have been made in the 0.83–25 μ range on GeTe films to obtain and compare the optical properties of amorphous and crystalline structures. The refractive index of crystalline GeTe films (typical value 5.5 at 1.5 μ) shows free carrier dispersion yielding optical dielectric constant=…
Summary Bivalves lay down two forms of calcium carbonate in their shells, aragonite and calcite. Shells may be wholly aragonitic, or may contain both aragonite and calcite, in separate monomineralic layers. Shells are built up of several layers of distinct aggregations of calcium carbonate crystals. These aggregations…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular electron ionization cross sections at 70 evJ. A. Beran and L. KevanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1969, 73, 11, 3866–3876Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1…
The Néel theory of magnetization relaxation has been systematically and quantitatively tested for six samples containing synthetic and natural single domain grains. The results of a wide range of experiments involving time, temperature, and direct and alternating magnetic fields were compared with theoretical results…
The nucleation of a shear dislocation loop from the interface of a misfitting spherical particle in a deformable matrix is considered. The equilibrium shapes and positions of the nucleated dislocation have been calculated. There are two critical levels of misfit. The lower critical level, which is dependent on the par…
Abstract The thermal decomposition of poly(vinyl alcohol) is known to occur in two stages. In a study of first‐stage decomposition, this polymer was pyrolyzed in vacuum at 240°C for 4 hr and the products were determined by using gas chromatography. The main products were water, aldehydes having the general formula and…
Thermal protection rating systems for fabrics, based on pain and blister effects in human skin, are considered in terms of: (1) precise evaluations applicable to any known temperature-time pattern, and (2) simple laboratory procedures to provide a universally useful standard rating system. The first system which is mo…
The theory of single and multiple small-angle scattering of fibres with a two-phase system of densities is revised. Luzzati's fundamental treatment of multiple scattering has been applied to systems with cylindrical symmetry. It is shown that the results of measurements with an `infinite' slit parallel to the fibre ax…
Summary 1. A review is given of the optical and architectural analogies between cholesteric liquid crystals and certain insect cuticles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Earlier observations on the optical properties (reflexion of circularly polarized light and high form optical rotation) are confirmed and extended. Both ch…
In 1903 F. Heusler reported that it was possible to make ferromagnetic alloys from non-ferromagnetic constituents copper-manganese bronze and group B elements such as aluminium and tin. Further investigations showed that the magnetic properties of these alloys are related to their chemical, L21, structure, and to the…
It is shown by way of model orientation patterns how conduction in nematic liquid crystals may cause a torque per unit volume that more than offsets the dielectric torque felt in the insulating state. This conduction-induced torque arises from an anisotropy of the conductivity or of the dielectric constant. It is part…
The dielectric constants, electrical conductivity, specific heat, and pyroelectric coefficients of ferro-electric Sr1−xBaxNb2O6 (SBN) are investigated as a function of temperature in the range 10°–500°K, and as a function of the Sr/Ba composition of the material. A simple technique for measuring absolute pyroelectric…
Recent attempts have been made to assess the relative merits of the free volume and entropy theories of viscous flow in glass-forming liquids by accurate measurement of viscosity over wide temperature ranges, and subsequent comparison with the equations derived from these theories. In the author's view, this effort is…
By using a thin NiO single-crystal sample, it has been possible to observe electroreflectance spectra between 3.0 and 5.0 eV. The results of this study and a recent photoconductivity investigation suggest that an energy-band description which includes the $3d$ electrons is necessary for a full description of NiO inter…
Results of electron-proton inelastic scattering at 6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} are discussed, and values of the structure function ${W}_{2}$ are estimated. If the interaction is dominated by transverse virtual photons, $\ensuremath{\nu}{W}_{2}$ can be expressed as a f…