Materials Literature
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Practical thermoelectric cooling has become a reality with the development of thermoelectric semiconductor materials. To illustrate this type of cooling, several devices which represent applications in the electronics industry and medicine are described.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh Temperature Changes in Alumina Structure and Activity of Platinum-Alumina CatalystsR. F. Waters, J. B. Peri, G. S. John, and H. S. SeeligCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1960, 52, 5, 415–416Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Publ…
The temperature-independent paramagnetism of permanganate is discussed in terms of molecular orbital theory. It is shown that the major contribution to the paramagnetism arises from electrons in metal d orbitals, and that the amount of charge-transfer from the ligands to the metal ion can be estimated. The theory is a…
The emission bands of cadmium selenide activated by silver, copper, and gold, and coactivated by trivalent metals, were found at 0.92, 1.20, and 1.45 μ, respectively, at the temperature of liquid nitrogen. The silver band is completely quenched at room temperature. A near edge emission of CdSe was found at 0.72 μ.
Hydrogen absorption by and the desorption rate of hydrogen from steel were studied as a function of cold work from 0 to 55.4 percent reduction using cold-drawn capped and killed SAE 1020 steel. Increased cold work increased the hydrogen solubility in these steels. Hydrogen desorption rate increased with increasing col…
A study of the vaporization of La 2 O 3 , Nd 2 O 3 , and Y 2 O 3 at high temperatures has been carried out by the Knudsen effusion technique. The methods employed, the results of the measurements, and the low‐temperature heat capacities of these materials, which were determined for the purpose of calculating thermal f…
In a search for further examples of Heusler-type alloys, ferromagnetic alloys were found near the composition Ni2MnIn, Ni2MnGa, Co2MnGa, Pd2MnSb, and PdMnSb. The first four alloys are tentatively identified as having the L21(Heusler)-type structure; PdMnSb, the Cl1-type structure. Previous work has indicated that ferr…
The connection between intermolecular potential energies and the unit cell vibrational frequencies in molecular crystals is summarized in Sec. I. Details of the treatment of potentials which can be written as functions of intermolecular atom-atom distances are developed. The frequencies of vibration of methyl chloride…
The system $$CaCO_{3}-MgCO_{3}-MnCO_{3}$$ was investigated at temperatures of 500°, 600°, 700°, and 800° C. and 10 kilobars total pressure. Three two-phase areas and one three-phase triangle are observed, and an additional two-phase area is inferred. At 500° C. there are two single-phase regions, which enlarge and mer…
Single crystals of NiO have been annealed and stressed at room temperature to sweep out twin boundaries. Neutron diffraction and rotational torque studies have been made on a crystal which had only 1.3% of the twin orientation. The ferromagnetic sheet structure originally proposed in which the atomic moments lie in(11…
A study of the solid solution of TiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , and Cr 2 0 3 in mullite was made by measuring the changes in lattice parameters and unit‐cell volume. Synthetic mullite (3O 3 ‐2SiO 2 ) was reacted with up to 12 weight % of the oxides at temperatures ranging from 1000° to 17000C. The approximate minimum temperature…
Article Die Zustandsbilder Gallium—Wismut und Gallium—Quecksilber, Vergleich der Koexistenzkurven mit den Theorien der Entmischung was published on May 1, 1960 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 24, issue 3_4).
Partial pressures of the gaseous oxides MoO, MoO2, MoO3, WO, WO2, WO3, UO, UO2, and UO3 in the systems Mo–Al2O3 and U–Al2O3 have been measured by mass spectrometric methods. The vapor pressure of uranium has also been determined. The reaction enthalpies derived from these measurements are: Reaction ΔH0ο kcal/moleMoO(g…
The present report is concerned with an experimental investigation of the influence of free carriers on the optical absorption of SnO 2 , which is an almost perfect insulator in its stoichiometric composition but can be endowed with a semi-metallic conductivity when synthesized by the spraying method. In order to inve…
The evaporation of alumina under nearly neutral conditions in tungsten and molybdenum Knudsen cells has been investigated by mass spectrometric methods. The atomization energies of the gaseous molecules are D0o(AlO) = 115±5 kcal/mole; D0o(Al2O) = 245±7 kcal/mole; D0o(Al2O2) = 365±7 kcal/mole.
Abstract The thickness of single crystal lamellae of polyethylene, crystallized from solution, is found to increase greatly during annealing at temperatures above 110°C. The change is observed with small‐angle x‐ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The increase in thickness of the lamellae takes place at the expen…
Nickel films varying in thickness from 300 to 15A were prepared by evaporation on glass substrates in a vacuum sufficiently high to prevent gas adsorption on the film during preparation and measurement. Their magnetization was measured as a function of field up to 10000 oe using a vacuum torsion magnetometer. The satu…
Abstract The results obtained with free radical traps in a variety of curing systems for SBR rubber give evidence for both polar and free radical mechanisms. There is apparently no one mechanism even for sulfur vulcanization and the relative free radical or polar character of the crosslinking reaction varies over a br…
Abstract Soils and micaceous minerals were extracted with NaBPh 4 ‐salt solutions to determine the ease with which nonexchangeable K can be removed when the blocking effect of fixable cations is reduced. Essentially all of the K in vermiculite, 12% of the K in muscovite and as much as 47% of the K in illite was extrac…
The practical application of the field emission electron source has heretofore been impeded by insufficient reliability. Instability (i.e., changes in emitted current at a fixed applied voltage) results from changes in the cold cathode surface associated with contamination and sputtering. The cold clean cathode is sho…