Materials Literature
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We report the phase coexistence properties of polarizable Stockmayer fluids of reduced permanent dipoles |m0*|= 1.0 and 2.0 and reduced polarizabilities α*= 0.00, 0.03, and 0.06, calculated by a series of grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations with the histogram reweighting method. In the histogram reweighting method…
Highly transparent and conductive polyaniline-cellulose acetate composite films were cast from m-cresol solutions of protonated polyaniline and cellulose acetate. The following polyaniline protonating agents were used: camphor sulfonic acid, phenylphosphonic acid, dibutyl phosphate, and dioctyl phosphate. The films we…
We have used high resolution stimulated Brillouin gain spectroscopy to monitor the nonequilibrium relaxation dynamics of supercooled glycerol near its glass transition temperature. After a temperature quench from 192.4 to 179.8 K, the Brillouin frequency shift increased over a period of 17 d from 16.877±0.005 GHz to 1…
We studied a two step process for lactic acid polymerization: in the first step, the lactic acid is condensation polymerized to a low molecular weight hydroxyl terminated prepolymer and then the molecular weight is raised by joining prepolymer chains together using diisocyanate as the chain extender. The resulting pol…
Calorimetric, mechanical, and thermomechanical properties have been measured on starch films with various glycerol/water contents. For calorimetric measurements, a continuous decrease in Tg was observed as glycerol increases from 0 to 25%. Mechanical properties exhibit a minimum of elongation at break for glycerol con…
The performance of high-voltage solid insulators that are used to bridge vacuum gaps is frequently limited by surface flashover. An important characteristic of the flashover process under DC conditions is that it occurs `spontaneously', namely without warning and any obvious external triggering agents. Significantly,…
and thin-film capacitors have been grown on (001) and MgO(001) substrates by off-axis laser deposition. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and pole figures have revealed the epitaxial growth of the and thin films. The films with metal electrodes show only weak ferroelectric properties. Using as electr…
The optical constants and average thickness of metal - chalcogenide glass films of chemical composition , with x = 5, 10 and 15 at.%, are very accurately determined by a novel method, based only on the transmission spectra at normal incidence, measured over the 400 - 2200 nm spectral range. This useful optical method…
We extend our previous first-principles theory for perovskite ferroelectric phase transitions to treat also antiferrodistortive phase transitions. Our approach involves construction of a model Hamiltonian from a Taylor expansion, first-principles calculations to determine expansion parameters, and Monte Carlo simulati…
Optical detection and spectroscopy of single molecules and single nanoparticles have been achieved at room temperature with the use of surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Individual silver colloidal nanoparticles were screened from a large heterogeneous population for special size-dependent properties and were then use…
Abstract New and updated, this second edition of Protein Structure presents electrophoretic, chromatographic, and spectrophotometric techniques as well as including new chapters on the relatively sophisticated methods of mass spectrometry and ultracentrifugation. The emphasis is not on the technical aspects of the ins…
One-dimensional conductors are a long-standing topic of research with direct applications to organic conductors and mesoscopic rings. The discovery of the ceramic high-temperature superconductors has revitalized the interest in low-dimensional charge and spin fluctuations of highly correlated electron systems. Several…
Abstract The stability of proteins, especially enzymes, has long been a practical concern (1), because this is usually the factor that most limits their usefulness. There are two very different aspects of protein stability. One is the chemical stability of the covalent structure, which involves covalent changes and is…
The effects of mobility of small islands on island growth in molecular beam epitaxy are studied. It is shown that small island mobility affects both the scaling and morphology of islands during growth. Three microscopic models are considered, in which the critical island sizes are $i^*=1,2$ and 3 (such that islands of…
Abstract The commonest means of laboratory evaluation/screening of scale inhibitors for oilfield applications is by conducting scale inhibition jar tests. This paper focuses on several aspects concerning barium sulphate scale inhibition jar tests and highlights three particular factors which may influence the test out…
Abstract Paraffinic crude oils are often transported at conditions where heavy hydrocarbons contained in the oil may precipitate as a solid waxy material. This precipitation may plug the processing equipment. In the design of oil production facilities, it is therefore essential to be able to predict the conditions whe…
Introduction Alkalinity is an important parameter used to describe composition, buffer capacity and pH-behaviour of waters in many different fields of science. Although the alkalinity is widely applied, it seems to be a lot of confusion in connection with the concept, and it is often used incorrectly. One of the reaso…
G.M. Graham, SPE, M.M. Jordan, Heriot-Watt University, SPE, G.C. Graham, W. Sablerolle, Shell U.K. Exploration & Production, K.S. Sorbie, Heriot-Watt University, SPE, P. Hill, University of Manchester, and J. Bunney, SPE, Heriot-Watt University Abstract In this paper, results are presented which highlight the prob…
Abstract Downhole mineral scale prevention in oilfields is usually achieved through the use of chemical scale inhibitors applied in "squeeze" treatments. These species are thought to be retained in the reservoir formation by one of two main mechanisms, viz. adsorption and precipitation. In a previous modelling and exp…
We have cloned and sequenced genes for triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) from the gamma-proteobacterium Francisella tularensis, the green non-sulfur bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus, and the alpha-proteobacterium Rhizobium etli and used these in phylogenetic analysis with TPI sequences from other members of the Bacter…