Plasma polymerization and surface treatment of polymers
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A 183W, 1H and 17O nuclear magnetic resonance study of aqueous isopolytungstates
Isopolytungstates have been studied in aqueous solution between pH 8 and 1.5, using 183W, 17O and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The first polyanions to form upon acidification are the paratungstates A and B. Their resonances are largely assigned, and paratungstate B is shown to protonate with pKa= 4.59. Its protonated form has…
Surface oxygen vacancy formation on CeO2 and its role in the oxidation of carbon monoxide
Calculations of defect formation energies at ceria (CeO2) surfaces using atomistic simulation techniques based on the Born model of the ionic solid predict the enhancement of carbon monoxide oxidation.
Cell growth on collagen: a review of tissue engineering using scaffolds containing extracellular matrix.
Collagen has been used as a substrate for growth of cells derived from skin and cardiovascular tissue. Experimental results reported in the literature suggest that cell differentiation and orientation is enhanced in the presence of collagen. Extensive progress in cultivation of autogenous and allogeneic cells in vitro…
Lanthanide tetrad effect in the Ln3+ ionic radii and refined spin-pairing energy theory
The refined spin-pairing energy theory (RSPET) has been improved in order to understand quantitatively the tetrad or double-double effects recognized in the Ln3+ ionic radii. Since the ionic radii have been determined from the lattice constants and structural parameters of LnO1.5 and LnF3, the lattice energies of the…
Modelling the structures of La2NiO4
Starting with only the chemical formula, La 2 NiO 4 , the phase diagram and the various structures it contains have been modelled using bond valences. The bonding graph is generated from the formula and is mapped into 3-dimensional space to give the archetypal K 2 NiF 4 structure. The inconsistencies between the requi…
Phase Relationships in the Ternary System CaO─P 2 O 5 ─H 2 O at 25°C
The portion of the stable phase diagram for the ternary system CaO‐P 2 O 5 ‐H 2 O involving calcium phosphate phases more basic than Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 has been constructed. Construction involves plotting concentrations as their fifth roots to allow phases having very different solubilities to be represented on a single…
Characterization of Cellulose by Deconvoluting the OH Valency Range in FTIR Spectra
The mathematical processing (deconvolution) of spectra obtained in a FTIR spectrometer permits the resolution of the absorbance range of the OH groups of cellulose into various bands. The distinction between celluloses I and II was successfully done by attributing certain bands to the crystal modifications independent…
Development of a model for predicting flicker from electric arc furnaces
Owing to the characteristics of electric-arc phenomena electric arc furnace loads can result in serious electrical disturbances on a power system. Low level frequency modulation of the supply voltage of less than 0.5% can cause annoying flicker in lamps and invoke public complaints when the frequency lies in the range…
Structural characterisation and optimisation of acid-treated montmorillonite and high-porosity silica supports for ZnCl2 alkylation catalysts
The effect of acid treatment of montmorillonite clay on its activity as a support for ZnCl2 alkylation catalyst is examined. Maximum activity is associated with long acid treatment times. Structural characterisation, using X-ray diffraction (XRD), 29Si magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MASNMR) and eleme…
Electrolysis of water at strontium titanate (SrTiO3) photoelectrodes: distinguishing between the statistical and stochastic formalisms for electron-transfer processes in fuel-forming photoelectrochemical systems
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrolysis of water at strontium titanate (SrTiO3) photoelectrodes: distinguishing between the statistical and stochastic formalisms for electron-transfer processes in fuel-forming photoelectrochemical systemsAmit Kumar, Patrick G. Santangelo, and Nathan S. LewisCite this:…
Temperature Dependence of Thermoelectric Properties of Mg<SUB>2</SUB>Si<SUB>0.6</SUB>Ge<SUB>0.4</SUB>
The thermoelectric properties of Sb-doped n-type and Ag-doped p-type Mg2Si0.6Ge0.4 samples were investigated in the temperature range 300 to 900 K. The scattering factor r was determined to be 0.0 by measuring the temperature dependence of the Hall mobility. Thermoelectric power and electrical conductivity were measur…
Structure of Chitin and Chitosan
Chitin is one of the most abundant organic materials, being second only to cellulose in the amount produced annually by biosynthesis. 1 It occurs in animals, particularly in crustacea, molluscs and insects where it is an important constituent of the exoskeleton, and in certain fungi where it is the principal fibrillar…
Characteristics of High-carbon High Speed Steel Rolls for Hot Strip Mill.
In the field of hot strip mill finishing train, the demands for not only high quality of sheet product shape and sheet surface condition but also high productivity and energy saving in rolling are increasing. In this circumstance, we have developed completely new type compound roll which is composed of high-carbon hig…
Trimetallo derivatives of lacunary 9-tungstosilicate heteropolyanions. Part 1. Synthesis and charaterization
Salts of trimetallo derivatives of 9-tungstosilicate heteropolyanions have been prepared from the lacunary tungstates α- and β-[SiW9O34]10– and characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopy and electrochemistry. Tungsten-183 NMR spectra of the (four) diamagnetic derivatives of Al and Ga consist of two lines (inten…
Electron Microscopy Study of Twins in Martensite in a Ti-50.0 at%Ni Alloy
Twins in a Ti-50.0 at%Ni martensite were studied by ordinary electron microscopy and diffraction, and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) to characterize the twins in the martensite and to observe the twin boundaries on an atomistic scale. 〈011〉 Type II twins were most profoundly observed and confirmed to be a…
Nucleation and Self-Accommodation of the R-Phase in Ti–Ni Alloys
Transformation and self-accommodation mechanisms of the R-phase in Ti–Ni–Fe and Ti–Ni–Al shape memory alloys were studied by means of optical and electron microscope observations. Sequences of transformation events were recorded successfully with video tapes using a TV camera. Through the observation we found the foll…
Dependence on the Preparation Procedure of the Polymorphism and Crystallinity of Chitosan Membranes
Differences in the polymorphism and crystallinity of chitosan were found in membranes prepared by different procedures when examined by X-ray diffraction measurements for four samples of chitosan differing in the degree of polymerization. When an acetic acid solution of chitosan was dried in air and then soaked in an…
Adsorption of complex proteins at interfaces
Abstract
High Mechanical Strength of Quasicrystalline Phase Surrounded by fcc-Al Phase in Rapidly Solidified Al–Mn–Ce Alloys
A nonequilibrium structure consisting of fine quasicrystalline (icosahedral) grains surrounded by fcc-Al phase was found to form in rapidly solidified Al–Mn–Ce alloys. The formation of the nonequilibrium structure is limited to a composition range of 4 to 6 at% Mn and 2 to 3%Ce which is located around the phase bounda…