Materials Literature
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A sintering model has been developed to predict the consequences of independently varying the grain growth rate in alumina during final‐stage sintering of a microstructure containing both small (first‐generation) and large (inter‐agglomerate second‐generation) pores. The model shows that although it may be thermodynam…
Inhomogeneous field breakdown in SF/sub 6/ has been investigated, and a theory has been developed which predicts the breakdown voltage for fast-rising (rectangular) waveforms applied to arbitrary electrode geometries and gas pressures. This theory facilitates the analytical design aspects of many GIS components where…
We used cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy techniques to investigate the microstructure of metal/polyimide interfaces. By comparing our results with previously obtained spectroscopy data, we show that the microstructure of these interfaces is strongly related to the tendency of the metal to chemically re…
Abstract— Zn(II)phthalocyanine (ZnPc) generates O2(1Δg) with a quantum yield of ca. 0.4 upon photocxcitation at 354 or 600 nm in ethanolic solution as determined by time‐resolved phosphorescence studies at 1270 nm and photooxidation experiments using 1,3‐diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) as substrate. The quantum yield of…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotophysical and photochemical processes on clay surfacesJ. K. ThomasCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1988, 21, 7, 275–280Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00151a004ht…
Cubic and tetragonal ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}$ and orthorhombic ${\mathrm{KNbO}}_{3}$ have been studied by Raman scattering, using an iodine filter to eliminate elastically scattered light. In addition to the usual phonon features, such as the soft E mode in tetragonal ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}$ and the soft ${B}_{2}$ mode i…
A theory for the termination rate coefficient in high-conversion free-radical polymerization systems, based on the concept of chain-end diffusion by propagational growth ("reaction diffusion" or "residual termination" mechanism), is proposed. This is used to formulate the appropriate diffusion coefficient of a macrora…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnhancement of hydrogen bonding in vicinal water; heat capacity of water and deuterium oxide in silica poresFrank M. EtzlerCite this: Langmuir 1988, 4, 4, 878–883Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988h…
To obtain fine grained Cu based shape memory alloys after thermomechanical processing, Ti is added to β-Cu–Zn–Al or β-Cu–Al–Ni as a particle forming element. This work consists of a study of the mechanism that controls the grain growth limiting effect during the final annealing treatment. A critical evaluation of the…
A model is proposed to study the dynamics of phase boundaries using a conserved order parameter. A relation between the temperature and the curvature, surface tension, and velocity is derived and compared with the analogous system of equations using a nonconserved order parameter. The kinetic-undercooling term is alte…
Light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the ventral adhesive disc of the northern clingfish, Gobiesox maeandricus, demonstrate that two distinct types of epidermis are present on the disc surface. Most of the disc is covered with cuboidal epithelium in which four cell types can be disting…
Uranium oxides are important nuclear reactor fuels and there are at least nine oxides known, many of which are mixed valence and polymorphic. Transmission-IR spectroscopy has proven to be a useful method for characterizing the oxides. For instance, IR spectra and vibrational assignments have been reported for UO2, UO2…
A new nonlinear optical organic-inorganic crystal, thiosemicarbazide cadmium bromide hydrate (TSCCB), with crystal class m has been grown by a temperature-lowering technique (TLT) and a temperature-difference technique (TDT). The crystal structure of TSCCB is reported. Its linear and nonlinear optical properties have…
Abstract The effect of the spherical shape of powder on the determination of oxide thickness in ESCA analysis in investigated. A theoretical model, which takes account of the angular dependence of the X‐ray flux, the photoelectron intensity and the etch rate, is outlined. The model agrees well with experimental depth…
Abstract Small additions of yttrium to NiAl result in a decreasing oxygen transport through the Al 2 O 3 scale on AiAl at 1270 K, as has been shown by nuclear reaction analysis ( 18 O(p, α) 15 N). A higher concentration, e.g. 0.5 wt%, has the opposite effect. Yttrium segregates to the grain boundaries in the alloy, an…
The supposedly primitive prasinophyte Pseudoscourfieldia marina has been established in culture and examined in detail. The cells swim by means of two unequal but parallel posterior flagella. Pseudoscourfieldia differs from other green flagellates in the structure of the flagellar root system, possession of a conspicu…
Abstract The use of the solvent mixture chloroform/hexafluoroisopropanol (98 : 2 vol %) in the GPC‐analysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is described. PET‐samples of different molecular weight have been prepared and characterized by light scattering, viscometry, and improved techniques of osmometry and end grou…
Abstract A comprehensive XPS/XAES investigation of the dense 6:3 co‐ordinated SiO 2 polymorph stishovite in comparison with different SiO 4/2 samples and Si was carried out for the first time. By evaluation of initial state and final state shift contributions, effective charges and extra‐atomic relaxation energies wer…
The section method is applied to derive the Penrose pattern and related patterns with a ten- or fivefold axis. These are derived from a four-dimensional decagonal crystal or from a five-dimensional icosahedral crystal as a two-dimensional section. The two descriptions correspond to the three- and four-dimensional ones…
Abstract Quantitative Auger analysis is much more difficult to achieve than quantitative XPS, as the latter shows only one photoelectron peak when the former exhibits many relaxation peaks laying over a 100 ev range. A good way to check our understanding of the Auger process is to simulate spectra. For that we need to…