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Hartman–Perdok theory: influence of crystal structure and crystalline interface on crystal growth

C. F. Woensdregt1993-01-01Faraday Discussions

Hartman–Perdok theory enables classification of crystal faces as F, S or K faces. Only F faces should be present on growth forms as they grow slowly according to a layer mechanism. Such a classification can be quantified for ionic crystals by the calculation of attachment energies in electrostatic point-charge models.…

Metallurgical Processes and ThermodynamicsCrystallization and Solubility StudiesMineralogy and Gemology Studies

The effect of the definition used in measuring partial discharge inception voltages

M. Pompili、C. Mazzetti、M. Libotte 等 4 位作者1993-01-01IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation

At present, several definitions of partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) have been advanced. To establish the value of each of these definitions, four practical electrical insulating fluids are selected, and their PDIV is determined according to three of these different specifications. The results suggest that th…

High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomenaPower Quality and HarmonicsPower Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation

Structural analysis of high strength HNBR/ZDMA composites.

Akimasa Nomura、Jin Takano、Akinobu Toyoda 等 4 位作者1993-01-01NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI

部分水素化NBR(HNBR)とメタクリル酸亜鉛(ZDMA)との複合体は, カーボンブラック補強ゴムと比較して高強度(55MPa)が出るのが特徴である. パーオキサイドで架橋を行う工程中で, 平均粒径5μmのZDMAモノマーはin situで重合する. その過程でZDMAは拡散しながら重合し最終的に2nmサイズに分散されたPoly-ZDMA粒子相を形成する. この粒子が凝集して高次構造を形成する. 観察されたモルフォロジーと引張特性との関連性について述べる.

Advanced ceramic materials synthesisFuel Cells and Related MaterialsSilicone and Siloxane Chemistry

Selection of Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steels

J. A. Brooks、John C. Lippold1993-01-01ASM International eBooks

Abstract Austenitic stainless steels exhibit a single-phase, face-centered cubic structure that is maintained over a wide range of temperatures. This article reviews the compositions of standard and nonstandard austenitic stainless steels. It summarizes the important aspects of solidification behavior and microstructu…

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of SteelsHydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metalsWelding Techniques and Residual Stresses

Electronic properties of quasicrystals

Esther Belin、Didier Mayou1993-01-01Physica Scripta

We present and analyze briefly partial valence and conduction band states distributions of Al 6 Mn and both crystalline and quasicrystalline AlCuFe phases of close nominal composition. Low densities of states and a pseudo-gap are found at the Fermi energy. We discuss the formation of this pseudo-gap as due to the diff…

Quasicrystal Structures and Properties

Electromigration reliability of tungsten and aluminum vias and improvements under AC current stress

J. Tao、K.K. Young、N.W. Cheung 等 4 位作者1993-01-01IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices

The reliability with respect to electromigration failure of tungsten and aluminum vias under DC, pulse-DC, and AC stressing has been studied using Kelvin test structures. The results indicate that although W-plug vias can eliminate the step coverage problem, this metallization system is not ideal because the intermeta…

Electronic Packaging and Soldering TechnologiesCopper Interconnects and ReliabilitySemiconductor materials and interfaces

The 2,3-secochlorin-2,3-dione system

K. R. ADAMS、Raymond Bonnett、Philip J. Burke 等 5 位作者1993-01-01Journal of the Chemical Society Chemical Communications

Cleavage of nickel(II) octaethyl-2,3-dihydroxychlorin 3 with lead tetraacetate gives the novel octaethyl-2,3-secochlorin-2,3-dione system as its nickel(II) complex 4, which on treatment with basecyclisesto a novel homoporphyrinone structure 5; electronic spectra are presented: 4 and 5 are seen as representing chromoph…

Photosynthetic Processes and MechanismsPorphyrin and Phthalocyanine ChemistryMetal-Catalyzed Oxygenation Mechanisms

Dynamics of room-temperature melts: nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of dialkylimidazolium haloaluminates

Shinichiro Takahashi、Marie‐Louise Saboungi、R. J. Klingler 等 5 位作者1993-01-01Journal of the Chemical Society Faraday Transactions

The room-temperature molten salts formed by combining AlCl3 with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC) have been investigated by 27Al and 35Cl NMR spectroscopy at temperatures from 25 to 100 °C. The initial AlCl3 loading was varied from 50 mol%, where AlCl–4 is the major complex ion, to 67 mol%, where Al2Cl–7 is…

Material Dynamics and PropertiesAdvanced NMR Techniques and ApplicationsSolid-state spectroscopy and crystallography

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of a Cu–Al–O catalyst under H 2 or CO atmospheres

Rafeh Bechara、Antoine Aboukaı̈s、Jean‐Pierre Bonnelle1993-01-01Journal of the Chemical Society Faraday Transactions

The surface changes of a Cu–Al–O catalyst under H2 or CO atmospheres have been followed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In both cases, the progressive reduction of copper(II) species in the octahedral and tetrahedral sites to lower oxidation states for temperatures above 250 °C is observed. When the catalys…

Catalytic Processes in Materials ScienceCopper-based nanomaterials and applicationsElectron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques

Fabric Objective Measurement: A Comparative Study of Fabric Characteristics

Hugh Gong、Samrat Mukhopadhyay1993-01-01Journal of the Textile Institute

The general characteristics of eight fabric groups as measured by the KES-F system are described. These fabric groups are divided by fibre content, fabric construction and special finishing treatment. Using silk fabric as a reference, caustic-reduced polyester fabrics exhibit strong silk-like characteristics except in…

Textile materials and evaluations

Power frequency and impulse field calculation around a HV insulator with uniform or nonuniform surface pollution

S. Chakravorti、P. K. Mukherjee1993-01-01IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation

HV outdoor insulators are always subjected to pollution of different nature and severity and the performance of a HV insulator under polluted conditions is quite different from that under pollution-free conditions. The present paper is concerned with the field distribution around a post-type insulator for different se…

High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomenaLightning and Electromagnetic PhenomenaAerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation

The Effect of Fibre Cross-sectional Shape on Fabric Mechanical Properties and Handle

Mitsuo Matsudaira、Yi Tan、Yuta KONDO1993-01-01Journal of the Textile Institute

In order to clarify the effects of different fibre cross-sectional shapes on fabric mechanical properties and handle, polyester ‘Shingosen’ fabrics of different fibre cross-sections were investigated using the KES-FB system. The results were discussed by comparing them with typical women's fine dress fabrics and the f…

Dyeing and Modifying Textile FibersTextile materials and evaluationsMechanical Engineering and Vibrations Research

Preparation of SiO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Gels from Tetraethoxysilane and Aluminum Chloride

Hidenobu Itoh、Takeshi Tabata、Mikako Kokitsu 等 6 位作者1993-01-01Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan

A new method for preparing SiO2-Al2O3 gels from aqueous solutions of tetraethoxysilane and aluminum chloride was investigated. Addition of propylene oxide to the solutions promoted gelation reaction, yielding translucent gels. It was found that the 4-coordinated Al incorporated in the framework of the gels was formed…

Mesoporous Materials and CatalysisAerogels and thermal insulationSilicone and Siloxane Chemistry

Photobactericidal materials based on porphyrins and phthalocyanines

Raymond Bonnett、Dennis G. Buckley、Tom Burrow 等 6 位作者1993-01-01Journal of Materials Chemistry

Polymer-porphyrin (-phthalocyanine) films required as potential photobactericidal surfaces have been prepared by impregnation (dyeing), by codissolution and casting, and by copolymerisation and casting.

Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine ChemistryPhotodynamic Therapy Research StudiesPhotochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry

Effects of hyperthermia on bone. II. Heating of bonein vivoand stimulation of bone growth

Shalom A. Leon、Sucha O. Asbell、Hyder Arastu 等 9 位作者1993-01-01International Journal of Hyperthermia

Previous studies in vitro have shown that it is possible to achieve comparable temperature distribution in bone and the adjacent soft tissues, under appropriate experimental conditions. The objective of the present work was to determine the effects of hyperthermia on bone in vivo. In order to obtain direct temperature…

Bone Tissue Engineering MaterialsTitanium Alloys Microstructure and Propertiesthermodynamics and calorimetric analyses

Crystal growth diagrams as an aid to interpreting the fabrics of calcite aggregates

J. A. D. Dickson1993-01-01Journal of Sedimentary Research

Abstract The morphological and optical properties of crystal aggregates which develop by nucleated growth from a plane substrate are modelled by crystal growth diagrams. Such diagrams show that fabric maturation occurs through three growth stages: 1) isolated, 2) competitive, and 3) parallel. Diagrams are presented wh…

Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and InhibitionMaterial Selection and PropertiesMarine and Offshore Engineering Studies

Chemically-Modified Celldlosic Polymers

Vijay Kumar、Gilbert S. Banker1993-01-01Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy

Chemically-modified celluloses are among the most commonly and widely used polymers in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries today. Several products with widely different physicochemical properties are currently commercially available. Some of the major applications of these include their use as. i) tablet…

biodegradable polymer synthesis and propertiesAdvanced Drug Delivery SystemsPolysaccharides Composition and Applications

Molecular design and characterizations of new calixarene-based gelators of organic fluids

Masayoshi Aoki、Kazuaki Nakashima、Hirosuke Kawabata 等 5 位作者1993-01-01Journal of the Chemical Society Perkin Transactions 2

We have found that certain calix[n]arenes having long acyl groups at the p-positions (e.g., 5,11,17,23,29,35,41,47-octadodecanoylcalix[8]arene-49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56-octol: 28C12) act as excellent and unique gelators of various organic solvents (e.g., toluene, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, hexane, isopropan…

Lipid Membrane Structure and BehaviorSupramolecular Chemistry and ComplexesSupramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials

Rare-earth-doped hybrid siloxane–oxide coatings with luminescent properties

Natalia I. Koslova、Bruno Viana、Clément Sánchez1993-01-01Journal of Materials Chemistry

Emission and absorption properties of hybrid coatings consisting of a siloxane network crosslinked with mixed metallic alkoxides, obtained by reacting Zr(OPrn)4 and different rare-earth methoxyethoxides (M = Nd3+, Sm3+ Dy3+, Er3+, Tm3+) are presented.

Luminescence Properties of Advanced MaterialsLanthanide and Transition Metal ComplexesSilicone and Siloxane Chemistry