Materials Literature
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The magnetic relaxation and hysteresis of a system of single domain particles with dipolar interactions are studied by Monte Carlo simulations. We model the system by a chain of Heisenberg classical spins with randomly oriented easy-axis and log-normal distribution of anisotropy constants interacting through dipole-di…
We have investigated the ground state structures of neutral and charged XH$_{4}$(X=C, Si, Ge, Sn and Pb) molecules using the first-principles electronic structure methods. The structure of positively charged molecules for X = Si, Ge, Sn and Pb is characterized by a severe distortion from tetrahedral structure and an u…
We report measurements of the low temperature (T = 0.5 K) oscillatory magnetization in a high-density array of 50 micron diameter wires of polycrystalline Bi utilizing a high sensitivity silicon cantilever magnetometer. We find that the magnetic response is strongly anisotropic, being much larger for magnetic field pe…
The magnetic reversal by spin-polarized current of a magnetic junction consisting of two ferromagnetic layers and a nonmagnetic spacer in between is considered. Initially, the free layer is magnetized antiparallel to the pinned layer by an external magnetic field. Under current flowing, a nonequilibrium spin polarizat…
A series of single-chain magnets, [Mn2(saltmen)2Ni(pao)2(L)2](A)2 (saltmen(2-)=N,N'-(1,1,2,2-tetramethylethylene) bis(salicylideneiminate), pao-=pyridine-2-aldoximate; A-=ClO4- with L=4-picoline; 2, 4-tert-butylpyridine; 3, N-methylimidazole; 4, and L=pyridine with A-=BF4-; 5, PF6-; 6, ReO4-; 7), was prepared by react…
A massive magnetic-field-induced structural transformation in Gd5Ge4, which occurs below 30 K, was imaged at the atomic level by uniquely coupling high-resolution x-ray powder diffraction with magnetic fields up to 35 kOe. In addition to uncovering the nature of the magnetic field induced structural transition, our da…
A theory is developed for intermediate monoclinic (FE(m)) phases near morphotropic phase boundaries in ferroelectrics of complex oxides. It is based on the conformal miniaturization of stress-accommodating tetragonal domains under the condition of low domain-wall energy density. The microdomain-averaged lattice parame…
Abstract X-ray diffraction is a major tool for the study of crystal structures and the characterization of crystal perfection. Since the discovery of X-ray diffraction by von Laue, Friedrich, and Knipping in 1912 two basic theories have been used to describe this diffraction. One is the approximate geometrical, or kin…
A multi- high-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance method is used to probe the magnetic excitations of a dimer of single-molecule magnets. The measured spectra display well-resolved quantum transitions involving coherent superposition states of both molecules. The behavior may be understood in terms of an isotrop…
Abstract Martensites are crystalline solids that display dazzling patterns at the microscopic scales. This microstructure gives rise to unusual macroscopic properties like the shape-memory effect. Starting with the crystalline structure, this book describes a theoretical framework for studying martensites and uses the…
Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A compact, light and easy-to-handle magnetocardiograph (MCG) has been developed. The MCG consists of a sensor array with superconducting-quantum-interference-device magnetometers made of a high-critical temperature superconductor, arranged in a 4 × 4 matrix, and operated in a vertical magnetically shielding cylinder (…
Multiblock poly(ether-ester)s based on poly(ethylene glycol), butylene terephthalate, and butylene succinate units were synthesized by a two-step melt polycondensation reaction, with the aim of developing a new series of degradable polymers for controlled release applications. The copolymers were characterized with re…
The formation of multilayer films of organothiol-stabilized gold nanoparticles and polyelectrolyte, synthesized using the "layer-by-layer" technique, has been investigated. The formation of such films requires the alternation of surface charge with each layer deposited and is thus amenable to study by the Kelvin probe…
The Zn K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra, of the dapE-encoded N-succinyl-l,l-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase (DapE) from Haemophilus influenzae have been recorded in the presence of one or two equivalents of Zn(II) (i.e. [Zn_(DapE)] and [ZnZn(DapE)]). The Fourier transforms of the Zn EX…
The nitrogen bonding in hard and elastic amorphous carbon nitride $(a\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{CN}}_{x})$ films is examined with ${}^{15}\mathrm{N},$ ${}^{13}\mathrm{C},$ and ${}^{1}\mathrm{H}$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Films were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering, in a pure nitrogen discharge on…
A superposition of the Pauli and orbital couplings of a high magnetic field to charge carriers in a charge-density-wave (CDW) system is proposed to give rise to transitions between subphases with quantized values of the CDW wave vector. By contrast to the purely orbital field-induced density-wave effects which require…
Abstract Two, functional, cyclic carbonate monomers, 5‐methyl‐5‐methoxycarbonyl‐1,3‐dioxan‐2‐one and 5‐methyl‐5‐ethoxy carbonyl‐1,3‐dioxan‐2‐one, were synthesized starting from 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid. The ring‐opening polymerization of the cyclic carbonate monomers in bulk with stannous 2‐ethylhexanoate…
Halohydrin dehalogenase (HheC) from Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1 is a homotetrameric protein containing four tryptophan residues per subunit. The fluorescence properties of the enzyme are strongly influenced by halide binding. To examine the role of the tryptophans (W139, W192, W238, and W249) in halide binding and c…
Selective electroless nickel plating was demonstrated at the micron scale on 3-D surface microstructures using a two-step method. The 3-D patterned and functional surface microstructures consisted of microparticles, polyelectrolyte multilayers, and self-assembled monolayers, which were built by microcontact printing a…