Materials Literature
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Effective thermophysical properties of ceramic materials (mainly insulating materials) with porosity (II) >30% are reviewed. Nonmonotonic pressure and temperature dependences of the effective thermal conductivity (X) are analyzed, based on the ceramic microstructure (pores, cracks, and grain boundaries present in m…
The effect of filler content and size on the mechanical properties of a new type of wood-based filler, oil palm wood flour (OPWF), in polypropylene (PP) was investigated. Four sizes of OPWF filler at different filler loadings were compounded using a twin screw compounder. All sizes of filler showed a similar trend of…
For type-Ib diamond neutron irradiated and annealed at 900\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, it has been found that the nitrogen vacancy (NV) center is reduced in density with increasing irradiation in the dose range above a certain value, and instead the 575 and 594 nm centers appear abruptly. This fact is interpr…
Thin films of the cubic spinel were prepared by the sol‐gel route from a Co(II) sulfate precursor using a dip‐coating technique. The films (50 to 60 nm thick) were deposited on indium‐tin oxide glass substrates with a single dipping. The electrochromic properties of the films were studied in an aqueous alkaline electr…
A theoretical investigation of resonant scattering from two-dimensional gratings is presented. Abrupt changes of diffraction efficiency over a small parameter range have been observed by rigorous coupled-wave analysis. The peak reflection or transmission efficiencies can approach unity. This phenomenon is explained in…
Abstract Microcellular semicrystalline polymers such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) show great promise for engineering applications because of their unique properties, particularly at higher densities. Recent studies reveal some high density microcellular polymers have longer fatigue lives and/or equal strengths to t…
A new technique for depositing nanocrystalline titanium dioxide thin films on electronically conducting glass was developed. This technique is a two‐stage process: ( i ) cathodic electrodeposition of titanium oxyhydroxide gel film from aqueous solution containing a Ti precursor and ( ii ) subsequent heat‐treatment of…
Changes occurring in the degree of crystallinity and lamellar thickness distribution of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) samples during dissolution in water were investigated. PVA samples of three different molecular weights were crystallized by annealing at 90, 110, and 120°C. The initial degrees of crystallinity measured b…
Efficient, electrically tunable, agile, inertialess, near-diffraction-limited one-dimensional optical beam steering is demonstrated at the infrared wavelength of 10.6 microm with a liquid-crystal phased array.
The new crystal structure information system DIAMOND is presented. It handles all kinds of crystallographic databases on PCs including SHELX files and Chemical Information Files (CIF's). DIAMOND, because of its graphics capability, is a powerful tool for establishing structural relationships and for evaluating crystal…
Abstract Morphological development of calcite crystals is related to supersaturation conditions during growth. Crystallization of calcium carbonate (calcite and aragonite) as well as Mg-calcite was studied under controlled supersaturation conditions by the counter diffusion of Ca (super 2+) and CO 3 (super 2-) ions th…
Crystals of tetragonal hen egg-white lysozyme were grown using Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility (APCF) apparatus under a microgravity environment (SpaceHab-01 mission) and ground control conditions. Crystals were grown from NaCl as a crystallizing agent at pH 4.3. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the best di…
Important progressive alterations in chemical bonding are often realized through correlations with shifts in the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) binding energies of key elements. For example, there are useful general XPS shifting schemes for such systems as oxides, nitrides, halides, and even various functional…
Ion energy, controlled by the substrate bias, is an important parameter in determining properties of films deposited by the filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique. The substrate bias determines the ion energy distribution of the growth species. The ion energy is varied, while keeping the other deposition conditions co…
We have developed an empirical EAM potential for magnesium by fitting to ab initio forces (the `force matching' method) and experimental data. The database includes many different structures, including bulk, cluster, liquid and several defect structures. The potential fit to the forces database, which has 2201 forces…
Leaching of nitrate from soils and sediments can be reduced in anoxic environments due to denitrification to N 2 O/N 2 or reduction of nitrate to ammonium. While microbial dissimilatory reduction of nitrate to ammonia is well known, it is shown here that this conversion can also proceed at appreciable rates in abiotic…
ABSTRACT Films were cast and dried from heated, alkaline aqueous egg albumen solutions containing glycerin (GLY) at 30, 40, or 50% w/w of protein, polyethylene glycol (PEG) at 50 or 60%, or sorbitol (S) at 50 or 60% as plasticizers. PEG‐plasticized (60%) films also were prepared by substituting 10, 30, 50, or 70% of a…
A new implementation of the coupled-wave method for TM polarization is proposed. We use a second-order differential operator established by Nevière together with a scattering-matrix approach. Thus we obtain for metallic gratings a convergence rate as quick as that in TE polarization.
Luminescence in organic conjugated polymers is considered in this article, which tries to clarify some of the issues related to the nature of the emitting species. A comparison of recent experimental and theoretical data on the exciton binding energy in luminescent poly(arylenevinylene)s, polyarylenes, and their deriv…
The phase transitions exhibited by systems of hard spherocylinders, with a diameter D and cylinder length L, are re-examined with the isothermal–isobaric Monte Carlo (MC-NPT) simulation technique. For sufficiently large aspect ratios (L/D) the system is known to form liquid crystalline phases: isotropic (I), nematic (…