Materials Literature
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Field emission of electrons from boron- and nitrogen-doped diamond is compared. Emission from boron-doped diamond requires vacuum electric fields of 20–50 V μm−1, while nitrogen-doped, type Ib diamond requires fields of 0–1 V μm−1. Since boron-doped diamond is very conductive, very little voltage drop occurs in the di…
Modifications of the magnetic properties of a nonoriented 3% SiFe alloy with plastic strains are reported. The samples have been tested along rolling and transverse directions lying in the sheet plane by means of a suitable experimental system of measurements using a 50 Hz sinusoidal magnetic field. The magnetic prope…
Optical absorption curves for nominally pure and Ce 3+ doped single crystals of Y 3 Al 5 O 12 (YAG) have been measured in the region of 5 eV–7 eV at 292 K, 78 K and 10 K. The parameters of the Urbach rule have been determined referring to those optical absorption curves which are believed to be the fundamental absorpt…
The Jiles–Atherton theory is based on considerations of the dependence of energy dissipation within a magnetic material resulting from changes in its magnetization. The algorithm based on the theory yields five computed model parameters, MS, a, α, k, and c, which represent the saturation magnetization, the effective d…
Various processing routes for making permanent magnets based on interstitially modified Sm2Fe17 have been recently developed. Zn bonding of coarse grained Sm2Fe17N3 gives coercivities μ0JHc as high as 2.2 T. Effective methods to prepare highly coercive Sm2Fe17N3 powders for polymer bonding are mechanical alloying and…
The molecular characteristics which determine the melting points of high polymer crystals are considered, and it is shown that the properties of monomeric crystals often throw light on those of the polymers. The principal factors controlling melting points appear to be molar cohesion energy (of the whole molecule for…
The combination of chemical composition and microstructure of cast alloy has been found to be critical to the performance of NdFeB sintered magnets. Maximizing the amount of Nd2Fe14B phase (or minimizing the amount of secondary phase) by reducing the Nd content more closely to the stoichiometric composition appears to…
Resonant photoelectron spectroscopy studies have been performed on the NiO valence band at photon energies corresponding to the Ni $2p$,$3p$,and O $1s$ absorption thresholds. Strong resonances are seen in the vicinity of the Ni $2p$ threshold, which confirm earlier conclusions from the weaker resonances seen at the Ni…
Diffusion of penetrants through polymers often does not follow the standard Fickian model. Such anomalous behavior can cause difficulty when designing polymer networks for specific uses. One type of non-Fickian behavior that results is so-called case II diffusion, where Fickian-like fronts initially move like √t with…
A model for the radiation-induced production of defects in amorphous insulators is proposed. It is shown that an irreversible creation of defects from network sites follows power law kinetics, and a reversible activation of precursor sites follows Kohlrausch kinetics. Electron spin resonance was used to measure the co…
Although the production and applications of NdFeB magnets have increased enormously in the last decade because of their outstanding magnetic properties at room temperature, some applications were limited because of poor thermal stability and corrosion resistance. To address these problems, there have been many efforts…
We have attempted to optimize the values of the giant magnetoresistance in symmetric spin valves of the type NiO/Co/Cu/Co/Cu/Co/NiO (achieving 23.4%) and in bottom spin valves of the type Co/Cu/Co/NiO (achieving 17.0%), the largest values ever reported for such structures. The key elements in this achievement are impr…
Hyperbranched polyurethanes, with varying oligoethyleneoxy spacer segments between the branching points, have been synthesized by a one-pot approach starting from the appropriately designed carbonyl azide that incorporates the different spacer segments. The structures of monomers and polymers were confirmed by IR and…
Record values for high Hall mobility and for low compensation ratio of boron doped diamond by ion implantation are reported. These are achieved, following the suggestion by Prins, by low dose Boron implantation into cold diamond (−97 °C) and in situ rapid heating (1050 °C for 10 min) and by a further anneal at higher…
The structural and magnetic properties of (R,Zr)(Fe,Co)10(R=Nd,Sm) prepared by the rapid-quenching method have been investigated. The presence of zirconium makes it possible to realize a TbCu7-type crystal structure with a high c/a ratio of more than 0.87, while the same crystal structure has a c/a ratio of just 0.84–…
We report the first observation of steps in the hysteresis loop of a high-spin molecular magnet. We propose that the steps, which occur every 0.46 T, are due to thermally assisted resonant tunneling between different quantum spin states. Magnetic relaxation increases dramatically when the field is in the neighborhood…
Angular-dependent magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) measurements were performed on a pipeline steel sample for various values of applied uniaxial stress at three angles with respect to the sample’s zero stress magnetic easy axis direction. It was observed that the response of the MBN signal to stress was dependent upon…
Resonant effects in diffraction from two-dimensional dielectric gratings is demonstrated experimentally. A two-layer structure, which consists of a uniform guiding layer and a grating layer, yielded symmetric, low-sideband resonance that is suitable for narrow-band filter applications. Excellent agreement between meas…
We report on a new class of critical states in the energy spectrum of general Fibonacci systems. By introducing a transfer matrix renormalization technique, we prove that the charge distribution of these states spreads over the whole system, showing transport properties characteristic of electronic extended states. Ou…
An increase in the Fr\"ohlich-electron-LO-phonon interaction strength with decreasing nanocrystal size in the strong confinement limited is reported. This results from the size dependence of resonant Raman scattering by $\mathrm{Cd}{\mathrm{S}}_{x}{\mathrm{Se}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ nanocrystals embedded in a glass slab…