Materials Literature
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Combinations of various carbon and nitrogen substrates were used to study poly-β-hydroxybutyrate accumulation and H2 evolution by Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain RV. The cells evolved hydrogen on lactate, pyruvate, or succinate under nitrogen-deprived conditions and on lactate-glutamate and pyruvate-glutamate media. Po…
Vibrational spectrum analysis was used to study the cation arrangement in the complex perovskites. The transition from the ideal perovskite structure ABO3 to complex compositions with a pair of the A or B cations, such as A1/2′A1/2″BO3 or AB1/2′B1/2″O3, leads to drastic changes in the Raman spectra. Correlation betwee…
Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical coprecipitation and crystallized in the perovskite structure after calcining at 520 °C. The dielectric properties were measured in bulk nanocrystalline compacts with different grain sizes. It was found that there were three peaks in the curves of the dielectric…
Two new banana-shaped mesogens have been prepared and their mesophases have been studied. As indicated by calorimetry and polarizing microscopy both compounds exhibit two smectic mesophases. The structure of these phases have been studied by X-ray methods and NMR measurements. The electrooptical properties are discuss…
A novel approach for the construction of apparel sizing systems is formulated. As a first step to this process, efficient sizing systems are defined based on a mathematical model of garment fit. Nonlinear optimisation techniques are then used to derive a set of possible sizing systems using multidimensional informatio…
We investigated the optical-conductivity spectra, \ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega}), of ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ ($x=0.0,$ 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0) samples between 5 meV and 30 eV at room temperature. With the hole doping, \ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremat…
This paper discusses the design, materials, fabrication, and measurements of a novel integrated decoupling capacitor for MCM-L-based substrates, Based on modeling using the Semiconductor Industry Association Roadmap, it has been estimated that 13-72 nF/cm/sup 2/ of specific decoupling capacitance will be required for…
Three-dimensional electron diffraction intensity data have been collected for the metastable alloy phase AlmFe by a precession technique. The structure model has been derived by Patterson and Fourier calculations and by the direct method using either maximum entropy and likelihood or the tangent formula; both were bas…
A comparison of the three-dimensional structures of the closely related mesophilic Clostridium beijerinckii alcohol dehydrogenase (CBADH) and the hyperthermophilic Thermoanaerobacter brockii alcohol dehydrogenase (TBADH) suggested that extra proline residues in TBADH located in strategically important positions might…
The role of Mo in the passivation of stainless steels was investigated using ac impedance spectroscopy. Six steels were examined: two ferritic (Fe‐20Cr) alloys containing 0 and 1% Mo and four austenitic (Fe‐20Cr‐25Ni) alloys containing 0, 1, 2, and 4.5% Mo. The experiments were performed in 1 M HCl and, in some cases,…
Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used in an in situ fluorescence mode to investigate localized corrosion of aluminum alloys in the presence of 0.1 M KCl. Fluorescein dye was used to indicate pH changes and surface chemistry over and around the active sites. Al 6061 was found to have at least two kinds of inclusi…
(Ba 1− x Ca x )(Ti 1− y Zr y )O 3 ceramics doped with various donors and acceptors were sintered in a reducing atmosphere and then annealed at different oxygen partial pressures. The dielectric maxima at the Curie point increased up to ∼30000 after reoxidation, depending on the grain size, the type of acceptor, and th…
Class B beta-lactamases are wide spectrum enzymes which require bivalent metal ions for activity. The structure of the class B zinc-ion-dependent beta-lactamase from Bacillus cereus (BCII) has been refined at 1.85 A resolution using data collected on cryocooled crystals (100 K). The enzyme from B. cereus has a molecul…
The ability of six hydrolyzing enzymes to improve the hydrophilicity of several polyester fabrics is studied. Five of the six lipases improve the water wetting and absorbent properties of regular polyester fabrics more than alkaline hydrolysis under optimal conditions (3 N NaOH at 55°C for 2 hours). Compared to aqueou…
Calmodulin (CaM) is a primary Ca 2+ -binding protein found in all eukaryotic cells. It couples the intracellular Ca 2+ signal to many essential cellular events by binding and regulating the activities of more than 40 different proteins and enzymes in a Ca 2+ -dependent manner. CaM contains two structurally similar dom…
Densification and anisotropic grain growth in diphasic‐gel‐derived, titania‐doped mullite were studied. Titania enhanced initial and intermediate stage densification in diphasic mullite gels by reducing the glass viscosity. Rodlike anisotropic mullite grains started to grow in titania‐doped diphasic mullite gels once…
The causes of the decrease in electrical conductivity with aging in Y 2 O 3 ‐stabilized zirconia, an oxygen‐ion conductor, were studied. This study was carried out using the dc four‐probe technique for measuring electrical conductivity and the activation energy for the migration of oxygen ions. The results show that c…
The influence of unpolarized and linearly polarized UV exposure on previously rubbed as well untreated thin polyimide (PI) alignment layers was studied. Optical retardation and surface morphology measurements were carried out to understand the nature of surface modification as a function of the polarization and the ex…
The identification process of the classical Preisach-type hysteresis model reduces to the determination of the weight function of elementary hysteresis operators upon which the model is built. It is well known that the classical Preisach model can exactly represent hysteretic nonlinearities which exhibit wiping-out an…
Of 140 newly synthesized chalcone-analogous materials, 56 specimens were observed to be efficient for nonlinear optical second harmonic generation (SHG). The SHG efficiency of 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(3-pyridyl)-2-propen-1-one is discussed on the basis of crystal structure and MO calculation. In this crystal, molecules a…