Materials Literature
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Truss models have been developed and applied to the ultimate strength design and detailing of two‐dimensional reinforced concrete members loaded in their plane. Such a truss is composed of struts and ties which represent one‐dimensional stress fields. The nodes, however, form two‐dimensional stress fields whose bearin…
Our recent spin trapping studies of free radical generation by ultrasound in aqueous solutions are reviewed. The very high temperatures and pressures induced by acoustic cavitation in collapsing gas bubbles in aqueous solutions exposed to ultrasound lead to the thermal dissociation of water vapor into H atoms and OH r…
Abstract Small‐angle light scattering was employed as a nondestructive technique for the in situ observation of swelling of PVC particles during gelation and fusion. One typical plastisol grade of PVC and three different plasticizers were used. The results demonstrate that quantitative measurements of average PVC part…
El establecimiento de las características texturales de carbones es esencial para su utilización en procesos industriales. La evaluación de la textura porosa de carbones se suele realizar mediante adsorción de gases y vapores. Por esta razón, en este libro se pretende plantear las principales estrategias más generalme…
Novel stress transducers of simple construction are described, which can easily be formed into arrays with a great reduction in interconnections relative to discrete strain gauges. Their frequency response extends to DC, and the arrays lend themselves to measuring distribution of pressure or shear at interfaces betwee…
The proposed approach is based on the unique property that the ratio of the real to the imaginary parts of the susceptibility or of the polarization decrement are independent of frequency in the respective frequency ranges. The resulting energy criterion is discussed, and a screened polarization model and mechanical r…
During fast-particle irradiation significant fluxes of point defects can be set up adjacent to sinks such as surfaces or internal grain boundaries. In general, the different atomic species in an alloy move at different rates in response to these point-defect fluxes so that some species move towards sinks while others…
The effects of Si addition on the nucleation and growth of the grain boundary cell in a Cu-10%Ni-8%Sn alloy on aging at 723 K after quenching from 1123 K were investigated by means of hardness measurements, optical and electron microscopic observations, and X-ray analysis. The addition of Si retarded the precipitation…
The impact strength depends on both the size and the shape of filler and is also affected by micromorphology. Poor impact strength is correlated with a high capacity for nucleation of cristallisation.
The authors present a comparison between results predicted by four mathematical models of hysteresis and experimental data measured on a CoNiCr alloy for longitudinal recording. Two of those models are simple analytical formulas and can be used in a first approach to the phenomena, but are deficient in terms of modeli…
Seam pucker can only be assessed subjectively, by using photographic standards, since instrumental techniques have so far failed to produce accurate results. A low cost means of predicting the degree of pucker has been provided, by correlating measured values of fabric and thread mechanical properties and geometrical…
The mechanics of the bending of yarns and woven fabrics have received considerable attention in the literature. Efforts have been made to obtain analytical relations between yarn-bending behaviour and constituent-fibre properties. In the case of fabrics, the objectives have been to obtain analytical relations between…
Abstract An attempt was made to clarify the effect of the crystal form of untreated cellulose on the morphological and structural changes of cellulose during steam explosion treatment (steam pressure P = 2.9MPa ( T = 508K), treatment time t = 15‐300 s). For this purpose, the crystal form of soft wood pulp (cellulose I…
Recent work has revealed some new and important characteristics of liposomes: Inclusion of certain glycolipids within liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin and cholesterol drastically prolongs the circulation time and reduces their uptake by liver and spleen. Concomitantly, their accumulation in s…
Abstract Poly(aryl ether ether ketone) is found to be compatible with poly(aryl ether sulfone) at a blending temperature 310°C. There is a single glass transition temperature ( T g ) for various compositions of the blend. The relationship of T g with composition obeys Gordon‐Taylor's equation, where the adjustable par…
Many strains of the genus Ustilago were found to be good producers of organic acids, that is, itaconic, l-tatartaric, l-2-hydroxyparaconic, and L-malic acids. Itatartaric and 2-hydroxyparaconic acids were invariably produced together with itaconic acid. From these findings and the results of the experiments with perme…
The reaction of an oxidised activated carbon with gaseous ammonia converts surface cyclic anhydride groups to amide and ammonium carboxylate species, which at elevated temperatures decompose to nitrile. Amine and alcohol species are also adsorbed products of ammonia treatment. Cyclic anhydride groups were hydrolysed b…
Abstract A study on biological assessment of water pollution using diatom community structure and species distribution was carried out in the Linggi River Basin, Malaysia which was polluted by various urban, industrial and agricultural wastes. A total of 86 diatom taxa belonging to 21 genera were recorded from all eig…
Various kinds of supported Ru cluster have been prepared by using the surface reaction of Ru3(CO)12 with inorganic oxides such as V2O5, SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, K-doped Al2O3, and MgO followed by H2 reduction at 723 K. Their structures have been determined by means of EXAFS. Ru3(CO)12 supported on V2O5 was observed to be co…
Abstract Copper and copper alloys constitute one of the major groups of commercial metals due to their excellent electrical and thermal conductivities, corrosion and fatigue resistance, ease of fabrication, and good strength. This article lists the types, properties, fabrication characteristics, corrosion ratings, tem…