Materials Literature
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A microscopic theoretical model is proposed for calculating the characteristics of ultraviolet photoemission and x-ray secondary electron emission induced from CsI photoconverters. This approach is based on a realistic picture of the basic interactions of photons and induced electrons within the material. Both differe…
Surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) is introduced as a powerful tool for band gap determination of semiconductor powders. The main advantage of SPS is that scattering and reflection do not interfere with the spectra. Therefore, it does not suffer from the inherent limitations of transmission/reflection based spect…
Surface morphology characteristics and electron emission properties of boron-doped polycrystalline diamond thin films grown by microwave plasma-assisted chemical-vapor deposition were investigated using an ultra-high-vacuum scanning tunneling microscope. Small secondary grains with average size less than 10 nm were ob…
Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) chains were grafted onto a spherical thermally sensitive poly( $N$-isopropylacrylamide) microgel with a low critical solution temperature of $\ensuremath{\sim}32\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$. The shrinking of the microgel at higher temperatures led to a dramatic decrease in…
de Haas--van Alphen and Shubnikov--de Haas oscillations have been used to study the Fermi surface of the simple tetragonal $R{\mathrm{AgSb}}_{2}$ series of compounds with $R=\mathrm{Y},$ La-Nd, and Sm. The high quality of the flux-grown single crystals, coupled with very small extremal cross sections of Fermi surface,…
We have investigated thermal strain effects on excitons in CuI thin films with a thickness of 10--3000 nm grown by vacuum evaporation onto (0001) ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3},$ fused silica (quartz), and (001) NaCl substrates. The x-ray-diffraction patterns indicate that the crystalline thin film grown on every…
We report on ab initio bulk and surface atomic and electronic structure calculations of ${\mathrm{WSe}}_{2}.$ The calculations are based on the local-density approximation employing nonlocal, normconserving pseudopotentials together with Gaussian orbital basis sets. We have carried out a fairly general case study incl…
Poly(methyl methacrylate) with a thiophene end group having narrow polydispersity was prepared by the Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) technique. Subsequently, electrically conducting block copolymers of thiophene-capped poly(methyl methacrylate) with pyrrole were synthesized by using p-toluene sulfonic aci…
The electronic properties of single phase type-I clathrate compounds, ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{8}{\mathrm{Au}}_{6}(\mathrm{Si}\mathrm{}or\mathrm{}\mathrm{Ge}{)}_{40}$ and ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{8}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{46\ensuremath{-}x}$ have been investigated. The crystal structure, electrical resistivities, magnetic susceptibilities, the…
Antiferroelectric lead zirconate (PZ) thin films were deposited by pulsed laser ablation on platinum-coated silicon substrates. Films showed a polycrystalline pervoskite structure upon annealing at 650 °C for 5–10 min. Dielectric properties were investigated as a function of temperature and frequency. The dielectric c…
We report on room-temperature optical gain at the ground exciton transition of PbS quantum-dot-doped glasses while optical pumping into the next-higher exciton resonance. The material gain in the quantum dots is as large as 80 cm−1. The dot-size selective excitation provides tunability of the optical gain. This is dem…
La 0.7 Ce 0.3 MnO 3 is a relatively new addition to the family of colossal magnetoresistive manganites, in which the cerium ion is believed to be in the Ce4+ state. In this article, we report the magnetotransport properties of laser ablated La0.7Ce0.3MnO3 films on LaAlO3, and the effect of varying the ambient oxygen p…
The importance of the future development of materials for use in low-temperature thermoelectric refrigeration devices is discussed. Specifically, results are presented on an interesting class of materials called pentatellurides, ${\mathrm{HfTe}}_{5}$ and ${\mathrm{ZrTe}}_{5},$ which have shown promising low-temperatur…
Fluorescent color-center patterns have been written on surfaces of synthetic type-Ib diamonds with spatial resolution below 180 nm via irradiation with focused ion and electron beams and subsequent annealing. The patterns are detected and spectroscopically analyzed using confocal optical microscopy. From the spatial e…
Thin films of the transparent conducting oxide In2O3 have been prepared in ultrahigh vacuum by reactive evaporation of indium. X-ray diffraction, optical, and electrical measurements were used to characterize properties of films deposited on transparent insulating mica substrates under variation of the oxygen pressure…
Calculations of inelastic mean free paths, stopping powers, and continuous slowing down ranges for ten solid organic materials: polyethylene, guanine, poly(2-vinylpyridine), diphenyl-hexatriene, carotene, polystyrene, polymethyl(methacrylate), paraffin, polybudene sulfone, polyacetylene and water have been performed f…
Laser ablation products from fullerene materials have been studied by transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Using nickel and cobalt as a catalyst, single-wall carbon nanotubes were produced at an ambient temperature of 400 °C. The results were compared with those using graphite as starting materials…
Molecular-dynamics simulations were used to model two stepped ${101\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}4}$ surfaces of the calcium carbonate polymorph calcite. The acute monatomic steps were found to be more stable than the obtuse monatomic steps. The initial stages of dissolution from the steps were considered in v…
The presence of ad-dimers on carbon nanotubes under tension leads to the formation of defects that wrap themselves around the circumference of the nanotube. These defects are actually short segments of a tube with a changed helicity, which suggests that the combination of ad-dimers plus strain can be used to form nano…
An atomic oxygen species adsorbed on Ru(0001) containing subsurface oxygen has been found and is characterized by the means of thermal description spectroscopy (TDS), ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy, and reactive CO scattering. The surplus oxygen can be adsorbed on an oxygen-rich ruthenium crystal at room tempe…