Materials Literature
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Using the kinematical theory of X-ray scattering by crystals with dislocations as developed by Krivoglaz et al. and Wilkens, the dislocation content of compressed copper single and polycrystals was investigated by means of profile analysis of selected diffraction peaks. Measurements of radial intensity distributions I…
Amino‐functionalised siloxanes have been used to increase the number of active sites in leather (and especially suede) available for dye fixation. The use of a second hydrophobic siloxane in conjunction with the amino‐functionalised siloxane, further increases the fastness results. The best results are found for the u…
Photodarkening relaxation under light exposure of a-As2Se3 amorphous films doped with 0.5 at.% of metals Sn, Mn, Sm or Dy and a-AsSe films doped with Sn up to 10.0 at.% Sn was studied in dependence on the impurity and thermal treating. Both factors reduce photodarkening and the degree of reduction depends on the type…
We study the neutron-weighted vibrational density of states $g(E)$ in the i-AlCuFe quasicrystal measured by time-of-flight inelastic neutron scattering (INS). The samples studied were $i\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Al}}_{62}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{25.5}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{12.5}$ with different isotopic substitutions. These results are co…
The involvement of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) of steel and the serious implications associated with their presence in industrial environments have long been known and extensively described. Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ATCC 27774 is an interesting metabolic case of SRB, a…
An atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to measure the distance dependence of the forces between microscopic-size glass spheres coated with gelatin and a solid surface in the presence of aqueous solution. It was observed that the adhesion and binding of microscopic objects on gelatin-coated surfaces is a result of c…
Rietveld structure refinement, 29 Si magic angle spinning (MAS) and 27 Al satellite transition (SATRAS) NMR spectroscopic data are given for three natural samples of meionite and for synthetic end-member meionite. Trends in structural parameters and NMR spectra are discussed for the solid-solution series from marialit…
Film formation from a latex involves interdiffusion of polymer chains. The interdiffusion behavior of polystyrene with H ends, one sulfonate end, and two sulfonate ends are compared via small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and a direct nonradiative energy transfer technique (DET) at short times. High molecular weight…
Abstract The intercalation complex of a low-defect dickite from Tarifa, Spain, with hydrazine was studied by high-temperature X-ray diffraction (HTXRD) differential thermal analysis (DTA), and ther-mogravimetry (TG). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern obtained at room temperature indicated that the intercalation of h…
Composites of carbon black particles in polyethylene exhibit an unusually rapid increase in resistivity as the applied electric field is increased, making this material commercially useful as current-limiting thermistors, also known as automatically resettable fuses. In this application the composite is in series with…
Recently we reported a study of the thermodynamics of methanesulfonic acid and some of its derivatives. The foundation of these results was a measurement of the heat of reaction of S-methyl thioacetate with aq sodium hypochlorite, leading to methanesulfonic acid. We have reinvestigated this reaction and discovered tha…
Hydrogen in steels causes various types of cracking, which occur when the amount of hydrogen in a steel reaches a critical level. This phenomenon results from excessive internal hydrogen pressure, and is associated with the formation of cracks at material imperfections, for example non-metallic inclusions. Consequentl…
Based on the thermodynamics involving the lattice expansion due to hydrogen insertion, the interaction between hydrogen atoms and the blocking effect in hydrogen diffusion, we discuss the profiles of hydrogen concentration and self-induced stress, and their interaction in the steady state during hydrogen diffusion acr…
A detailed ultrasonic study of the elastic properties of glycine phosphite single crystals has been carried out at room temperature as well as across the ferroelectric phase-transition temperature. All 13 elastic stiffness moduli of this monoclinic crystal at room temperature have been determined by measuring the velo…
We report an investigation of the deterioration mechanism of aged silk fabrics treated in various ways. When we examine the deteriorated silk with thermal and amino acid analyses, we find that the decomposition temperature (above 300°C) of aged silk is higher than that of newer silk fabrics, and the amino acids in the…
Hydrothermal investigations in the high-silica region of the K(2)O-Nd(2)O(3)-SiO(2) system, carried out in a search for novel fast-ion conductors (FICs), yielded the new compound tripotassium neodymium heptasilicate, K(3)NdSi(7)O(17). Single-crystal X-ray methods revealed that K(3)NdSi(7)O(17) crystallizes in space gr…
This review describes methods of preparing hybrid inorganic–organic mesoporous silicates with uniform channel structures, as well as some of their applications. Both reactive and passive organic groups can be incorporated in the porous solids by grafting methods or by co-condensation under surfactant control. Function…
A comprehensive review of the recent developments regarding the phenomenon of reentrant phase transitions (RPT) in liquid crystals is presented. In addition to liquid crystals this phenomenon has been observed in amazingly diverse systems. A critical assessment of the experimental investigations concerning single and…
To evaluate irradiation behavior of δ-ZrHx+U fuel, thermal migration of hydrogen under temperature gradient has been estimated according to traditional diffusion theory. Hydrogen profiles at steady state and diffusion kinetics in single-phase δ-ZrHx have been calculated for a cylinder specimen. When a temperature grad…
We derived a closed-form solution for the pressure required to open a spherical or a cylindrical cavity in brittle materials which demonstrate a two-curve pressure–shear behavior. The material is allowed to crack under tension and fail under shear; only both failure modes result in comminution. Since the cavity expans…