Materials Literature
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The potential decay curve of a passive nickel electrode on open circuit was followed in solutions of p H ranging from 0.4 to 1.4. The three arrest potentials observed in the decay curve correspond to the equilibrium potentials for the , , and the electrodes, respectively; the second potential is called the Flade poten…
X-ray diffraction from single crystals of polyacrylonitrile shows that the diffuse nature of the nonequatorial scattering maxima cannot be accounted for by crystal size. The theory of paracrystals may be used to set both an upper and a lower limit to the amount of lattice distortion and yields a plausible explanation…
When pure aluminum is passivated at constant applied voltage in solutions ranging from p H 0–7, the current density representing film growth falls during the first few seconds in a manner that is qualitatively and nearly quantitatively the same for all solutions. The fall of current is succeeded by a rise to a constan…
The anodic polarization curve, the static passive potential, and the behavior of the decay of the polarized passive potential of iron were examined in neutral boric acid/borate solutions with and without Fe ++ ion addition. It was found that the passivation potential is a function of the [Fe ++ ] and p H and correspon…
Abstract The iron transfer from sideramines to suitably chosen complexones (EDTA and similar compounds) has been studied optically. From the equilibrium constants of such exchange reactions the stability constants of Ferrioxamine B, Ferrioxaminc D 1 , Ferrioxamine E, Ferrichrom and Ferrichrysin have been deduced. For…
Abstract The aluminum ion bonds through oxygen to form a variety of functional groups underlying diverse properties of soils. One aluminum‐bond functional group provides the cation exchange site of soil layer silicate clays. Pauling's m‐rule of acid strength for oxy‐acids, (HO) n O m C, applied to the 2:1 layer silica…
The formation of and on different crystal planes of nickel, and of polycrystalline nickel, was studied in alkaline solution. Oxide films of less than two monolayers were reduced potentiostatically, then current‐potential curves were measured in the range −200 to 1600 mv at different rates of the linearly increasing po…
The electrical resistivity of stabilized zirconia of various compositions has been measured by a four‐probe technique in the temperature range 550°–1200°C. Resistivities of fully stabilized compositions are found to increase with increasing additions of the stabilizing oxide, and the lowest resistivities appear to occ…
Dr. Evans,s major work is The Corrosion and Oxidation of Metals, the first volume of which was published in 1960 with additional volumes in 1968 and 1976. The chapter headings in this third edition of the Introduction remain unchanged and the basic theories hold. He has updated the information, particularly in respect…
Diffusion of helium, oxygen, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, and methane in glassy and rubbery polythylene terephthalate has been studied in the range 25° to 130°C. Despite the abnormal solution behavior of these gases in the glassy polymer, the diffusion process is evidently normal and Fickian: Correlation of solubi…
The fracture surface energy of a material can be obtained by the cleavage technique, in which a crack is propagated along the median plane of a strip sample by forces applied at the free ends. Unfortunately, the stress distribution in a conventional sample is such that the crack tends to deviate from its original dire…
This paper presents a calculation of the stresses and energies for interfaces between different crystals. Only simple cases corresponding to interfacial dislocations of pure screw or edge type are treated. The difference between the two crystals is expressed in terms of different elastic constants and variable interfa…
Cellulose derives most of its functional properties from its hydroxyl groups: derivatives are formed by reactions with the hydroxyl groups, when cellulose is dissolved it is usually as a complex of the hydroxyl groups with ions or polar groups, and the physical properties of cellulose in the solid state are to a large…
E. Collinson, J. F. J. Todd and F. Wilkinson, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1963, 36, 83 DOI: 10.1039/DF9633600083
Abstract The formation and melting of the two crystalline modifications of poly‐1‐butene have been studied by the techniques of differential thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, dilatometry, and polarizing microscopy. On cooling the melt, modification 2 ( T m = 120–126°C.) appears within minutes. This form is unst…
Iron carbide (cementite) was isolated from specially prepared carbon‐iron alloys by a selective (chemical) dissolution of ferrite in alcoholic HCl . Cathodic polarization studies on cementite electrodes have shown that this compound is an active cathodic site in corrosion of steel in that it does not polarize at low c…
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Weight change and oxygen consumption measurements were used to study the oxidation of molybdenum from 550° to 1704°C for pressures of 5 to 76 Torr. For temperatures of 550°–700°C two processes occurred simultaneously, oxide scale formation and molybdenum trioxide volatility. Above 800°C at pressures up to 76 Torr moly…
A simple electrochemical technique is described for measuring the quantity of hydrogen permeating a thin membrane of iron or steel during cathodic charging or electroplating. For cadmium electroplating, the quantity is small when this metal is deposited from a fluoborate or a DL‐α‐amino‐n‐butyrate bath, but comparativ…
Basic hypotheses. Simple case of plastic collapse. Basic theorems and simple examples. Methods of plastic design. Estimate of deflections. Factors affecting the plastic moment. Minimum weight design. Variable repeated loading.