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Partial discharge. XXV. Calibration of PD measurements for motor and generator windings-why it can't be done

G.C. Stone1998-01-01IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine

In most types of high voltage apparatus, a PD acceptance test is required. In contrast, the PD test is very rarely used as an acceptance test for new motor and generator windings. The closest that machine manufacturers come to a PD acceptance test is the power factor tip-up test (IEEE Standard 286), which is an indire…

High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomenaPower Transformer Diagnostics and InsulationNon-Destructive Testing Techniques

Status report on ferroelectric memory materials

J. F. Scott1998-01-01Integrated ferroelectrics

A brief review is given of ferroelectric thin-film memory technology, emphasizing up-to-date comparisons among different materials, including lead zirconate-titanate (PZT), barium-strontium titanate (BST), and strontium bismuth tantalate (SBT) for both DRAMS and non-volatile RAMS.

Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric MaterialsPhotorefractive and Nonlinear OpticsElectronic and Structural Properties of Oxides

Stoichiometric enantioselective alkene epoxidation with a chiral dioxoruthenium(VI) D4-porphyrinato complex

Tat‐Shing Lai、Hoi‐Lun Kwong、Rui Zhang 等 4 位作者1998-01-01Journal of the Chemical Society Dalton Transactions

A dioxoruthenium(VI) complex containing a D4-porphyrinato ligand por* {H2por* = 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[(1S,4R,5R,8S)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1,4∶5,8-dimethanoanthracen-9-yl]porphyrin} has been prepared by oxidation of its ruthenium(II) carbonyl precursor with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid and characterised by spectroscopi…

Photosynthetic Processes and MechanismsPorphyrin and Phthalocyanine ChemistryMetal-Catalyzed Oxygenation Mechanisms

Structural–dynamical relationship in silica PEG hybrid gels

Philippe Lesot、Séverin Chapuis、Jean Pierre Bayle 等 7 位作者1998-01-01Journal of Materials Chemistry

Hybrid organic–inorganic materials have been prepared from mixtures of tetraethoxysilane and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of low molecular mass. These materials are diphasic systems in which silica aggregates, controlling the mechanical properties, are wrapped around by the polymer phase. Strong correlations between th…

Polymer Nanocomposites and PropertiesMesoporous Materials and CatalysisPorphyrin and Phthalocyanine Chemistry

Magnetic properties of transition-metal multilayers studied with X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy

J. Stöhr、Reiko Nakajima1998-01-01IBM Journal of Research and Development

The detailed understanding of the magnetic properties of transition-metal multilayers requires the use of state-of-the-art experimental techniques. Over the last few years, the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) technique has evolved into an important magnetometry tool. This paper is an overview of the principle…

Magnetic properties of thin filmsTheoretical and Computational PhysicsMagnetic Properties and Applications

Adaptive finite element mesh refinement techniques in three-dimensional micromagnetic modeling

Riccardo Hertel、H. Kronmüller1998-01-01IEEE Transactions on Magnetics

Two different methods to adaptively refine tetrahedral finite element meshes are presented. The influence of the mesh refinement on the obtained results of micromagnetic calculations is demonstrated for the case of magnetization patterns in soft magnetic platelets. The specific addition of vertices and finite elements…

Advanced Numerical Methods in Computational MathematicsMagnetic Properties and ApplicationsElectromagnetic Simulation and Numerical Methods

Pattern analysis of partial discharges in SF/sub 6/ GIS

S. Meijer、Ε. Gulski、J.J. Smit1998-01-01IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation

The measurement of partial discharge(PD) of several faults in gas-insulated system (GIS) is discussed. Phase-resolved PD patterns have been measured using three different PD detection measuring systems: according to the IEC 270 recommendations, a VHF/UHF measuring system with narrow band filtering, and the UHF measuri…

High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomenaLightning and Electromagnetic PhenomenaPower Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation

The enzymatic activity of phosphoglycerate mutase from gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria requires Mn<sup>2+</sup> and is pH sensitive

Monica Chander、Barbara Setlow、Peter Setlow1998-01-01Canadian Journal of Microbiology

The enzymatic activity of phosphoglycerate mutase (Pgm) from three gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium perfringens, and Sporosarcina ureae) requires Mn2+ and is very sensitive to pH; at low concentrations of Mn2+, a pH change from 8 to 6 resulted in greater than 30- to 200-fold dec…

Bacterial Genetics and BiotechnologyEnzyme Structure and FunctionAmino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism

THREE-WAY CATALYTIC CONVERTER MODELING AND APPLICATIONS

Grigorios Koltsakis、Ioannis P. Kandylas、A. M. Stamatelos1998-01-01Chemical Engineering Communications

The advent of stricter U.S. and European exhaust emissions regulations has increased the need for reliable 3-way catalytic converter models supporting the design of demanding exhaust systems for low-emitting vehicles. Although a number of tunable models have been presented in the literature, their efficient performanc…

Advanced Combustion Engine TechnologiesCatalytic Processes in Materials ScienceCatalysis and Oxidation Reactions

Incorporation of growth-inhibiting diphosphonates into steps on the calcite cleavage plane surface

Martin Nygren、David H. Gay、C. Richard A. Catlow 等 5 位作者1998-01-01Journal of the Chemical Society Faraday Transactions

The interaction between the calcite cleavage plane surface and three different diphosphonate molecules has been studied employing methods based on interatomic potentials. The diphosphonates studied include 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) (which is known empirically to poison crystal growth) together with…

Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and InhibitionMinerals Flotation and Separation TechniquesCrystallization and Solubility Studies

Synthesis of nonlinear optical chromophores containing electron-excessive and -deficient heterocyclic bridges. The auxiliary donor–acceptor effects

Ching‐Fong Shu、Yuh-kai Wang1998-01-01Journal of Materials Chemistry

Push-pull substituted nonlinear optical chromophores with thiazole and thiophene rings and interposed ethylene units as π-conjugated bridges were synthesized. The effects of the nature and location of the heterocycles on the energy of the charge transfer transition for the chromophores are discussed.

Nonlinear Optical Materials ResearchPhotorefractive and Nonlinear OpticsMolecular spectroscopy and chirality

Three-dimensional redox-active layered composites of Au–Au, Ag–Ag and Au–Ag colloids

Ron Blonder、Laila Sheeney1998-01-01Chemical Communications

Ordered layered three-dimensional networks of Au, Ag and Au/Ag colloids are assembled in a stepwise synthesis using N,N′-bis(2-aminoethyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium as a redox-active crosslinker.

Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and ApplicationsQuantum Dots Synthesis And PropertiesNanocluster Synthesis and Applications

Influence of Environmental Conditions on the Kinetics and Mechanism of Dehydration of Carbamazepine Dihydrate

Jun Han、Raj Suryanarayanan1998-01-01Pharmaceutical Development and Technology

The object of this project was to study the influence of temperature and water vapor pressure on the kinetics and mechanism of dehydration of carbamazepine dihydrate and to establish the relationship between the dehydration mechanism and the solid-state of the anhydrous phase formed. Three experimental techniques were…

Crystallography and molecular interactionsCrystallization and Solubility StudiesThermal and Kinetic Analysis

Facile oxidation of a carbaporphyrin at the internal carbon atom: synthesis of novel benzo[18]annulene ketals†

Michael Hayes、John D. Spence、Timothy D. Lash1998-01-01Chemical Communications

Treatment of benzocarbaporphyrin 2 with refluxing FeCl3 in CHCl3–alcohol mixtures leads to a remarkably selective oxidation at the interior carbon atom to produce dialkoxy products 5; these species show potentially valuable long wavelength absorptions in their UV–VIS spectra.

Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine ChemistryPhotodynamic Therapy Research StudiesLuminescence and Fluorescent Materials

Synthesis of a large pore phenyl-modified mesoporous silica and its characterization by nitrogen and benzene sorption

Claire M. Bambrough、Robert C. T. Slade、Ruth T. Williams1998-01-01Journal of Materials Chemistry

Phenyl-modified porous silicas have been synthesized at room temperature by the co-condensation of a siloxane and an organosiloxane in the presence of a surfactant. Mesitylene was employed as a pore swelling agent to produce a mesostructured material. The product has been characterized by powder XRD, nitrogen sorption…

Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and ApplicationsMesoporous Materials and CatalysisCovalent Organic Framework Applications

Correlation between polymer architecture and sub-glass-transition-temperature light-induced molecular movement in azo-polyimide polymers: influence on linear and second- and third-order nonlinear optical processes

Zouheir Sekkat、Philippe Prêtre、A. Knoesen 等 8 位作者1998-01-01Journal of the Optical Society of America B

We report on light-induced linear and second- and third-order nonlinear optical effects in high-glass-transition-temperature (Tg) photosensitive nonlinear optical azo polyimides. We present evidence of light-induced orientation of azo chromophores at room temperature in very high-Tg polyimides (Tg up to 350 °C) even t…

Liquid Crystal Research AdvancementsNonlinear Optical Materials ResearchNonlinear Optical Materials Studies

Synthesis of double-mesopore silica using aqueous ammonia as catalyst

Xiaozhong Wang、Tao Dou、Yongzhuang Xiao1998-01-01Chemical Communications

Double-mesopore silica with a characteristic N2 adsorption isotherm and narrow bimodal mesopore distribution is synthesized rapidly at room temperature by using aqueous ammonia as the catalyst.

Zeolite Catalysis and SynthesisMesoporous Materials and CatalysisLayered Double Hydroxides Synthesis and Applications

Correlation between AC breakdown strength and low frequency dielectric loss of water tree aged XLPE cables

Sverre Hvidsten、Erling Ildstad、B. Holmgren 等 4 位作者1998-01-01IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery

This paper describes experiments performed on laboratory aged 12 kV and service aged 24 kV XLPE cable samples. Results from measurements of residual AC breakdown strength, degree of water treeing and dissipation factors are presented. The dissipation factor at low frequencies was determined by both time and frequency…

High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomenaPower Transformer Diagnostics and InsulationThermal Analysis in Power Transmission

Practical methods for synthesizing four incompletely condensed silsesquioxanes from a single R8Si8O12 framework

Frank J. Feher、Daravong Soulivong、Frank Nguyen1998-01-01Chemical Communications

The reaction of (c-C6H11)8Si8O12 1 with triflic acid (TfOH) can produce two different ditriflates with the formula (c-C6H11)8Si8O11(OTf)2, which can be hydrolyzed selectively to four different incompletely condensed silsesquioxane frameworks with the formula (c-C6H11)8Si8O11(OH)2 (2, 4, 7 and 8).

Advanced ceramic materials synthesisSynthesis and characterization of novel inorganic/organometallic compoundsSilicone and Siloxane Chemistry

New tetranuclear metal carboxylate clusters with the [M4(μ3-O)2]8+ (M = MnIII or FeIII) cores: crystal structures and properties of [Mn4O2Cl2(O2CC6H3F2-3,5)6(py)4], [Fe4O2Cl2(O2CMe)6(bpy)2] and [NBun4][Fe4O2(O2CMe)7(pic)2] †

Michael W. Wemple、DeAnna K. Coggin、John B. Vincent 等 8 位作者1998-01-01Journal of the Chemical Society Dalton Transactions

A variety of synthetic procedures have been employed that allow access to three new tetranuclear [M4(µ3-O)2]8+ (M = MnIII or FeIII) complexes. The complex [Fe4O2Cl2(O2CMe)6(bpy)2] displays an unusual structural asymmetry in its core that can be described as a hybrid of the bent (butterfly) and planar dispositions of f…

Magnetism in coordination complexesLanthanide and Transition Metal ComplexesMetal-Catalyzed Oxygenation Mechanisms