Materials Literature
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Many observations of stress-induced voids beneath vias in wide Cu lines have been performed to analyze stress migration phenomena. Most of the voids that caused fatal failures of circuits accompanied grain boundaries in the lower lines. Finite element method calculations were performed to obtain the stress distributio…
In the La 1- x Ba x InO 3-δ system, the compositions of x =0.1–0.3 were analyzed to consist of cubic and orthorhombic structures. The composition of x =0.4, viz. , La 0.6 Ba 0.4 InO 3-δ , was analyzed to be a single phase of a simple cubic. Under a dry atmosphere, La 0.6 Ba 0.4 InO 3-δ exhibited a mixed conduction beh…
A microscanner system for optical sensing of angle and distance is presented, which is controlled by a ferromagnetic shape memory (FSMA) microactuator. The main features of the FSMA microactuator are a large scanning angle up to 60 deg and a large bandwidth of frequencies given by a broad off-resonance regime below th…
Joining of lightweight frame structures in small quantities is subject to specific conditions, which are exemplarily determined for joining by forming processes. Experimental investigations have been carried out to evaluate both feasibility and capability of joining by forming processes. Joining has been accomplished…
Lotus-leaf-like amorphous carbon ( a-C ) films were fabricated on glass and Si substrates by a magnetron sputtering system and fluorinated in carbon tetrafluoride plasma. The fluorinated films ( a-C:F ) had a maximum contact angle (CA) of about 162°, which is much larger than that of the nonfluorinated films (105°). F…
We investigated the thermal decomposition of muscovite in natural granite powders heated to 1175 °C for durations from 5 min to 68 h, at 1 bar, paying special attention to the early stages of decomposition. This study shows that muscovite is completely transformed after 5 min. Muscovite pseudomorphs consist of glass,…
Double complex salts (DCSs) with [M(NH 3 ) 5 Cl] 2+ (M = Rh, Ir, Co, Cr, Ru) cations and [PtBr 4 ] 2− anions were prepared in high yields. The salts were two-phase mixtures of the anhydrous and monohydro DCSs. Anhydrous analogues containing [PdBr 4 ] 2− anions with M = Cr or Ru were synthesized. All the compounds were…
The effect of added biomass (dried leaves) of tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia [Hemsley] A. Gray), soil pH, and soil calcium (Ca) saturation on the dissolution of Minjingu phosphate rock (MPR) was examined in two incubation experiments in a Kenyan Oxisol. Anion exchange resin (AER) and mixed anion-cation exchange resin…
Composites consisting of synthetic polymers and natural organic fillers have many applications. Plant-based materials, particularly wood, are used as fillers. Most frequently they are added to the polymer in the shape of wood flour or wood fibres. This type of polymer composite allows the possibility of modifying the…
Graft copolymers of silk sericin (SS) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as initiator have been synthesized under nitrogen atmosphere in aqueous media. Graft copolymers (SS-g-PMMA) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).…
The synthesis and mesophase characterization of a homologous series of five‐ring bent‐core compounds derived from 5‐methoxyisophthalic acid are described. Most of the compounds exhibit a polar antiferroelectric smectic C phase. Replacement of the terminal n‐alkoxy chains by n‐alkyl carboxylate groups, not only destabi…
Abstract We have integrated scientific research of polymer blends on the base of poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB and its copolymers) with bench testing in blend preparation by both solvent casting and melt extrusion. As a second component, we have used traditional synthetic macromolecules with various hydrophilicity degre…
Pr-doped (1- x )BaTiO 3 – x CaTiO 3 ( x =0.20–1.0) ceramics were prepared by a solid-state reaction technique. Their structures were found to be a pure tetragonal phase for x ≤0.23, coexisting tetragonal and orthorhombic phases for x =0.25 to 0.90, and a pure orthorhombic phase for x ≥0.90, respectively. A large elect…
High-temperature electrical conductivities and leakage current behaviors of Dy-doped, and Dy and Mn codoped BaTiO 3 were investigated as a function of Ba/Ti ratio. Dy-doped BaTiO 3 specimens showed higher leakage currents under a continuously applied dc field stress at 150°C than undoped BaTiO 3 . The highest initial…
A brightness-enhanced transflective liquid crystal display having a single-cell gap was demonstrated in a vertically aligned (VA) configuration with a patterned retardation layer. The photopatterned retarder was made of a UV-polymerizable liquid crystal (LC) through a single patterning process. The homeotropic LC alig…
A new shear tester of woven fabrics based on the trellis shear model is described. The tester can be used to carry out shear deformation experiments under quite low tensile stresses. The values of shear rigidity tested on the new tester were compared with those tested on the uniaxial tensile tester and the KES (Kawaba…
We report on measurements of visible extinction spectra of semicontinuous silver nanoshells grown on colloidal silica spheres. We find that thin, fractal shells below the percolation threshold exhibit geometrically tunable plasmon resonances. A modified scaling theory approach is used to model the dielectric response…
Abstract New composites coupling the alloy and nanocomposite technologies have been successfully produced with regular co rotating twin screw extruder. These new composites, Polyamide(PA6)/Polyolefin(PO)/compatibilizer/nanoclay, have been blown to end up with monolayer films. The thermo mechanical performances of thes…
In the present study, the fcc→fct martensitic transformation and antiferromagnetic transition of the Mn82.2Ni17.8 alloy are studied by electric resistance measurement, dynamic mechanical analyzer, and transmission electron microscopy. The magnetic-field-induced strain associated with antiferromagnetic-order twin marte…
The bismuthinite - aikinite (Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> - CuPbBiS<sub>3</sub>) series<sup> </sup>of ordered derivatives (superstructures) is based on the incremental<sup> </sup>Bi + vacancy <img src="http://canmin.geoscienceworld.org/math/rarr.gif" alt="->" style="width: 13px; height: 7px; border-width: 0px"/> Pb + C…