Materials Literature
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An algorithm for automatic classification of protein crystallization images acquired from a high-throughput vapor-diffusion system is described. The classifier uses edge detection followed by dynamic-programming curve tracking to determine the drop boundary; this technique optimizes a scoring function that incorporate…
A new integrated approach to full powder diffraction pattern analysis is described. This new approach incorporates wavelet-based data pre-processing, non-parametric statistical tests for full-pattern matching, and singular value decomposition to extract quantitative phase information from mixtures. Every measured data…
A comparison has been carried out of different methods of X-ray diffraction-line profile analysis for the determination of crystallite sizes and microstrains, namely the integral breadth method and three methods based on Fourier analysis of diffraction lines, namely the Warren–Averbach method, an `alternative method'…
In high-throughput crystallography, it is possible to accumulate over 1000 powder diffraction patterns on a series of related compounds, often polymorphs. A method is presented that can analyse such data, automatically sort the patterns into related clusters or classes, characterize each cluster and identify any unusu…
The dynamic structure factor $S(Q,\ensuremath{\omega}),$ of vitreous silica, has been measured by inelastic x-ray scattering in the exchanged wave-vector (Q) region $Q=4--16.5{\mathrm{nm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and up to energies $\ensuremath{\Elzxh}\ensuremath{\omega}=115\mathrm{meV}$ in the Stokes side. The unprecedent…
Solid spider dragline silk is well-known for its mechanical properties. Nonetheless a detailed picture of the spinning process is lacking. Here we report NMR studies on the liquid silk within the wide sac of the major ampullate (m.a.) gland from the spider Nephila edulis. The resolution in the NMR spectra is shown to…
By using the in-situ reflection−absorption infrared technique, the glass transition temperatures of poly(ethylene terephthalate) thin films were determined by detecting the abrupt change in the absorbance ratio of two comparable bands at 1340 cm -1 (trans conformation) and 1370 cm -1 (gauche conformation) during heati…
A miniature x-ray tube is described. The tube is made of Kovar, inside which a grounded target is located close to a field-electron emitter consisting of aligned carbon nanofibers, which continues to work for around 100 h in the 10−6 Pa region unless arcing is induced between the electrodes. The resolution of the cont…
Thin films of molybdenum-doped indium oxide, an n-type transparent conducting oxide, were deposited on glass substrates by a large-area deposition technique, radio-frequency magnetron sputtering, and their electrical properties were examined. Molybdenum content was varied from 1 to 4 wt%, and the highest mobility achi…
Mn-doped ZnS nanobelts have been prepared through a thermal evaporation method starting with a mixture of acetylacetonates and H2S at 900 °C. The nanobelts had a uniform single-crystal hexagonal wurtzite structure and grew along [001] direction. Undoped ZnS nanobelts and ZnMnS nanobelts with 1%, 3%, and 5% Mn so obtai…
The adsorption behavior of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers to mica surfaces was investigated as a function of ionic strength and pH. The conformation and lateral distribution of the adsorbed dendrimers of generations G8 and G10 were obtained ex situ by tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). The deposition kinetics of…
The near-infrared luminescence of lanthanide complexes of 4‘,5‘-bis[ N, N -bis(carboxymethyl)aminomethyl]fluorescein (calcein) and pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (dipicolinic acid, dpa) doped in a hybrid sol−gel material was investigated. The silica−poly(ethylene glycol) (silica−PEG) inorganic−organic materials were p…
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Paramagnetic Ln-DOTAMGly complexes (Ln not equal La, Lu, and Gd) are the prototypes of a novel class of contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging based on chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST). Their ability to reduce the water signal intensity depends on the interplay of several…
Single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistors were fabricated using solid electrolyte (PEO plus LiClO 4 ) as gating materials. The SWNT FETs demonstrated strong gate-channel coupling with improved device characteristics compared with back-gated devices. More importantly, the nanotubes can be easily doped usin…
The characteristics of an imaging system formed by a left-handed material (LHM) slab of finite length are studied, and the influence of the finite length of the slab on the image quality is analyzed. Unusual phenomena such as surface bright spots and negative energy stream at the image side are observed and explained…
A quantum-mechanical simulation is carried out to investigate the charge distribution and electrostatic potential along a 1 microm long (5,5) single-walled carbon nanotube under realistic field-emission experimental conditions. A single layer of carbon atoms is found sufficient to shield most of the electric field exc…
The novel dimeric germanotungstates [M(4)(H(2)O)(2)(GeW(9)O(34))(2)](12)(-) (M = Mn(2+), Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Cd(2+)) have been synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, magnetic measurements, and (183)W-NMR spectroscopy. X-ray single-crystal analyses were carried out on Na(12)[Mn(4)(H(2)O)(2)(G…
We have performed systematic calculations for single vacancies and their related point defects in achiral carbon nanotubes using a tight-binding model. Our calculations clarify that the local structures around single vacancies in such tubes do reconstruct with no constraint. We find that the structural configuration a…
Certain DNA sequences form a highly stable monolayer at the surface of single-walled carbon nanotubes, enabling their dispersion in aqueous solution. Ion-exchange chromatography can be used to separate these systems on the basis of their diameter in distinct, eluted fractions. Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy are u…
We demonstrate electroluminescence (EL) with an external efficiency of more than 0.1% at room temperature from glide dislocations in silicon. The key to this achievement is a considerable reduction of nonradiative carrier recombination at dislocations due to impurities and core defects by impurity gettering and hydrog…