Materials Literature
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Solid-acid fuel cells (SCFCs) utilize an anhydrous, nonpolymeric proton conducting electrolyte that can operate at slightly elevated temperatures. By supporting thin electrolyte membranes (25-36 μm), on porous stainless steel gas-diffusion electrodes, SAFCs with peak power densities as high as were obtained. Cells wer…
Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are a remarkable class of metals that can offer high strength, large energy dissipation through hysteretic behavior, extraordinary strain capacity (up to 8%) with full shape recovery to zero residual strain, and a high resistance to corrosion and fatigue—aspects that are all desirable from a…
In the last decade, interest in physical organogels has grown rapidly with the discovery and synthesis of a very large number of diverse molecules, which can gel organic solvents at low concentrations. The gelator molecules immobilise large volumes of liquid following their self-assembly into a variety of aggregates s…
We describe the growth of modulation-doped ZnSe/(Zn,Cd)Se quantum wells on (110) GaAs substrates. Unlike the well-known protocol for the epitaxy of ZnSe-based quantum structures on (001) GaAs, we find that the fabrication of quantum well structures on (110) GaAs requires significantly different growth conditions and s…
We provide an overview of progress on the exchange biasing of a ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga1-xMnxAs) by proximity to an antiferromagnetic oxide layer (MnO). We present a detailed characterization study of the antiferromagnetic layer using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, tr…
We investigate the possibility of trapping quasi-particles possessing spin degree of freedom in hybrid structures. The hybrid system we are considering here is composed of a semi-magnetic quantum well placed a few nanometers below a ferromagnetic micromagnet. We are interested in two different micromagnet shapes: cyli…
In this paper we present the results concerning the characterization of cuprous oxide thin films fabricated by chemical deposition and rapid photothermal processing (RPP) method. The growth kinetic effects and influence of the RPP temperature on the chemical deposited cuprous oxide thin films microstructures were inve…
Because of the large capital value of power transformers and their critical role in the electricity network, there is an increasing need for non-intrusive diagnostic and monitoring tools to assess their internal condition. The UHF technique is being applied increasingly to monitor partial discharges (PD) in power tran…
A facile process to prepare uniform dumbbell-shaped ZnO crystallites was presented. The evidence in this Article discovered a unique morphological effect on the UV-blocking property. The as-prepared ZnO crystallites were characterized by XRD, HRTEM, FESEM, UV-blocking, and Raman scattering spectra. Our tentative inves…
Metals and alloys are useful engineering materials. Their excellent engineering properties result in their widespread application in engineering designs. Alloys based on iron are ferrous alloys. Iron and its alloys, specifically steel, account for over 83% of the world’s production of total metals and alloys. This is…
The van Hove autocorrelation function of the impurity is obtained which is exact to the first order in the vacancy concentration. It is found that in the case of strong vacancy-impurity binding a singularity in the van Hove function corresponding to a resonant bound state develops on the unphysical sheet in the comple…
A putative dimethylallyltryptophan synthase gene, fgaPT2, was identified in the genome sequence of Aspergillus fumigatus. fgaPT2 was cloned and overexpressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The protein FgaPT2 was purified to near homogeneity and characterized biochemically. This enzyme was found to convert L-tryptophan t…
A systematic study of the bulk and surface geometrical and electronic properties of a series of transition-metal carbides (TMC with TM = Ti, V, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, and W) by first-principles methods is presented. It is shown that in these materials the chemical bonding is strongly covalent, the cohesive energies being…
Abstract The current status and capabilities of the atomistic simulation code GULP are described. In particular, the differences between versions 1.3.2 and 3.0 are detailed, as well as a concise pointer to applications in computational crystallography.
Magnetic nanoparticle probes are emerging as a class of novel contrast and tracking agents for medical imaging. When used as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles allow researchers and clinicians to enhance the tissue contrast of an area of interest by increa…
Natural and synthetic biodegradable nanofibers are extensively used for biomedical applications and tissue engineering. Biocompatibility and a well-established safety profile for polycaprolactone (PCL) and collagen represent a favorable matrix for preparing a dermal substitute for engineering skin. Collagen synthesize…
Quantum dots (QDs) rendered water soluble for biological applications are usually passivated by several inorganic and/or organic layers in order to increase fluorescence yield. However, these coatings greatly increase the size of the particle, making uptake by microorganisms impossible. We find that adenine- and AMP-c…
The luminescence of trivalent lanthanide ions has found applications in lighting, lasers, optical telecommunications, medical diagnostics, and various other fields. This introductory review presents the basics of organic and inorganic luminescent materials containing lanthanide ions, their applications, and some recen…
Thermoreversible gelation of the copolymer Pluronic F127 (generic name, poloxamer 407) in water makes it a unique candidate for cell encapsulation applications, either alone or to promote cell seeding and attachment in tissue scaffolds. At concentrations of 15-20% (w/w), aqueous Pluronic F127 (F127) solutions gel at p…
This paper studies two hybrid power systems for vehicle applications: a fuel cell-battery hybrid powertrain and a fuel cell-ultracapacitor hybrid powertrain. First, the characteristics of fuel cell, battery, and ultracapacitor as power sources are summarized. Then the configurations of the two types of hybrid fuel cel…