Materials Literature
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We have measured the electrodynamic response in the metallic state of three highly anisotropic conductors, $(\mathrm{TMTSF}{)}_{2}X,$ where $X={\mathrm{PF}}_{6}$, ${\mathrm{AsF}}_{6},$ or ${\mathrm{ClO}}_{4},$ and TMTSF is the organic molecule tetramethyltetraselenofulvalene. In all three cases we find dramatic deviat…
The equilibrium shapes of InAs quantum dots (i.e., dislocation-free, strained islands with sizes >= 10,000 atoms) grown on a GaAs (001) substrate are studied using a hybrid approach which combines density functional theory (DFT) calculations of microscopic parameters, surface energies, and surface stresses with elasti…
The first order phase transitions between a two-dimensional (2d) gas and the 2d solid of the first monolayer have been studied for the noble gases Ar, Kr and Xe on a NaCl(100) surface in quasi-equilibrium with the three-dimensional gas phase. Using linear temperature ramps, we show that the widths of the hysteresis lo…
For the example of the SiC(111)-(3x3) reconstruction we show that a holographic interpretation of discrete Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) spot intensities arising from ordered, large unit cell superstructures can give direct access to the local geometry of a cluster around an elevated atom, provided there is o…
The thermally induced insulator-metal transition (IMT) has been investigated for single crystals of undoped and lightly doped ${\mathrm{LaCoO}}_{3}$ by measurements of the optical-conductivity spectra, the resistivity, and the Hall coefficient up to 800 K. The IMT around 500 K, where the spin-state transition from the…
The Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway was first discovered in 1952 in Pseudomonas saccharophila (21) and several years later was shown to be present in Escherichia coli (23). Although generally considered to be restricted to gram-negative bacteria, the ED pathway is present in all three phylogenetic domains, including the…
Protein-containing polyelectrolyte multilayer films of poly(styrenesulfonate) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride), fabricated by the sequential adsorption of polyelectrolyte and anti-immunoglobulin G (anti-IgG) on solid substrates, have been characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscop…
We introduce a new structural cutoff beyond which subwavelength gratings cease to behave as homogeneous media and discuss its effects on the proper selection of the sampling periods of subwavelength diffractive elements. According to this analysis, a 3lambda-period blazed binary grating composed of square pillars is d…
We present a local orbital approach to the evaluation of the on-site repulsion energy $U$ for use in the $\mathrm{LDA}+U$ method of Anisimov and co-workers. Our objectives are to make the method more firmly based, to concentrate primarily on ground-state properties rather than spectra, and to test the method in cases…
This paper reviews x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies on carbon nitride (CN) and reports on results obtained from CN thin films prepared by mass selected ion-beam deposition. The core-level spectra of samples deposited at room temperature show that nitrogen is incorporated into the amorphous network in two diffe…
Lattice thermal conductivity of a quantum well limited by umklapp, impurity, and boundary scattering was investigated theoretically by taking into account dispersion of confined acoustic-phonon modes. We show that strong modification of phonon group velocities due to spatial confinement leads to a significant increase…
In a self-consistent Born approximation, the density of states and the conductivity are calculated in a two-dimensional graphite sheet in magnetic fields. Two different cases of scatterers are considered, the short-range case where the range is smaller than the lattice constant and the long-range case where it is comp…
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” opt…
The problem of phonon scattering by grain boundaries is studied within the wedge disclination dipole (WDD) model. It is shown that a specific q-dependence of the phonon mean free path for biaxial WDD results in a low-temperature crossover of the thermal conductivity, $κ$. The obtained results allow to explain the expe…
Using spin-density functional theory we investigated various possible structures of the hematite (0001) surface. Depending on the ambient oxygen partial pressure, two geometries are found to be particularly stable under thermal equilibrium: one being terminated by iron and the other by oxygen. Both exhibit huge surfac…
We present ab initio total energy and stress calculations for the unreconstructed and (2x1)-missing-row reconstructed Ir (110) and Rh (110) surfaces. We use a model based on ab initio results to show that the (Nx1) reconstruction is a faceting transition to a long-wavelength--corrugated (111)-like surface, and find th…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Thermal engineering has long been left out of the concurrent engineering environment dominated by CAD (computer aided design) and FEM (finite element method) software. Current tools attempt to force the thermal design process into an environment primarily created to support struct…
The thickness and surface roughness of diamond films grown on a Ti–6Al–4V alloy in a microwave plasma reactor was measured in situ using optical pyrometry. The growing film results in oscillations of the apparent temperature with time, which can be explained by interference effects caused by reflections from the film/…
Expression of the Drosophila cell adhesion molecule neuroglian in S2 cells leads to cell aggregation and the intracellular recruitment of ankyrin to cell contact sites. We localized the region of neuroglian that interacts with ankyrin and investigated the mechanism that limits this interaction to cell contact sites. Y…
Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) with macroscopically uniaxial molecular alignment containing azobenzene molecules was produced. The PDLC was transparent because of this alignment. Upon photoirradiation to cause trans-cis photoisomerization of azobenzene molecules, the PDLC became translucent even at 30 °C. The…