Materials Literature
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I n situ mass spectral measurements of gas composition at the substrate surface were made during filament-assisted diamond growth. The input gases were various mixtures of CH4, O2, and H2 chosen in order to discern the effects of oxygen addition on diamond formation and growth. The gas phase chemistry was modeled as a…
Crystallization of lysozymes induced by temperature lowering has been monitored by dynamic light scattering from the onset of supersaturation to the growth of protein crystals up to a noticeable size (150–200 μm). The apparent size of the scatterers was found to increase up to a maximum value as supersaturation procee…
Band-structure calculations of CrS, CrSe, Cr 3 Se 4 and CrSb are presented. Together with the accompanying results for the chromium tellurides, these calculations give a coherent picture of the changes in the electronic structure caused by anion substitution and by introduction of cation vacancies. The importance of t…
Electronic band-structure calculations are presented for the ferromagnetic compounds CrTe, Cr 3 Te 4 and Cr 2 Te 4 and Cr 2 Te 3 . In these compounds the Cr3d-Te5p covalency and the Cr3d(z 2 )-Cr3d(z 2 )-overlap along the c axis are the most important interactions. The magnetic polarisation of Te is parallel to the Cr…
The surface forces apparatus technique was used for measuring the adhesion, deformation, and fusion of bilayers supported on mica surfaces in aqueous solutions. The most important force leading to the direct fusion of bilayers is the hydrophobic interaction, although the occurrence of fusion is not simply related to t…
Measurements of zero magnetic field resistivity as well as low magnetic field Hall and magnetoresistance coefficients of Te-doped polycrystalline bismuth films at T = 100 K are interpreted in the framework of an anisotropic one-carrier model excluding hole conduction from the analysis. As a main result, the parameter…
We set up a harmonic spring model that describes both the layer rigidity and the size and stiffness of the intercalant species. In certain limiting cases, when (1) the layers are either perfectly floppy or perfectly rigid and (2) the stiffness of the two intercalant species are the same, the model can be solved exactl…
Optical evidence of multiple ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$:${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$ charge-compensation sites in codoped ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$:${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$:${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$:${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$:${\mathrm{SrF}}_{2}$ crystals is reported. High-resolution absorption and laser-excitation spectroscopy r…
Photoelectron spectra of the In 4d and P 2p core levels recorded on clean, cleaved InP(110) surfaces with high resolution reveal surface core-level shifts of similar magnitude on both core levels, in contradiction to recent tight-binding calculations and an experimental study, where only a shift on the indium level wa…
The construction of a 50- x 50-pixel spatial light modulator based on an active silicon backplane and using the hybrid field effect in nematic liquid crystals as the light modulating process is described. The design and electrical evaluation of the pixel array, which is fabricated in 1.5-microm nMOS and has an individ…
A new discrete-channel tunable Lyot filter that uses ferroelectric liquid-crystal (FLC) smectic C* wave plates is described and demonstrated. The device is tuned by changing the retardation of each birefringent element. This is achieved by electrically rotating the FLC wave plates in each stage by 45 degrees , which e…
X-ray-absorption spectra of a-Si and a-Si:H at the Si K edge are reported. By means of a nonstandard data-analysis procedure, we show that the fine-structure spectrum contains, besides the first-shell single-scattering extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) signal, a higher-frequency contribution as well. Ve…
Light and small angle neutron scattering results are presented for a series of poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) gels, cured in the dry state by endlinking with a trifunctional crosslinking agent, ethyl triacetoxy silane (ETAS). For gels swollen in octane, the scattered light and the smallest angle neutron response are d…
We present a method to calculate both the thermal and the structural damping of the multiple-scattering (MS) contributions to the x-ray-absorption coefficient. In the thermal case the correlation matrices between the coordinates of the atoms connected by MS paths are calculated, in the harmonic approximation, using th…
Using a full-potential linear-muffin-tin-orbital method (LMTO-FP), ab initio calculations of the \ensuremath{\Gamma}-point phonon spectrum and elastic properties of the copper halides CuF, CuCl, CuBr, and CuI (and for purpose of comparison of Si, ZnSe, and ZnTe) were performed. Our results for the TO(\ensuremath{\Gamm…
We study the transmission and frequency spectra of phonons in aperiodic Thue-Morse superlattices. Calculations based on the transfer-matrix method predict rich structures of the transmission dips and frequency gaps, and their basic properties are well described by the superlattice-structure factors that we derive. The…
Photoemission measurements were performed on thick silver films vapor deposited under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions onto cold or warm substrates and on samples subsequently annealed. Laser powers were adjusted so that linear photoemission is produced with 4.5-eV (above-threshold) photons and quadratic photoemission with…
The general problems and limitations of photoaddressed liquid crystal spatial light modulators (SLMs) are discussed, and experimental results are presented. A GaAs wafer photoaddressed nematic liquid crystal SLM is described in detail with experimental results. The edge enhancing or differentiating SLM is discussed, a…
The pressure derivatives and uniaxial strain derivatives of the elastic constants of copper are calculated using the embedded-atom method, and the results are in good agreement with experiment. Also, the elastic constants of a \ensuremath{\Sigma}5 twist grain boundary [with (100) boundary planes] are calculated on a l…
Rod-coil copolymers form smectic phases in melts and solutions. A mean-field analysis of nonoverlapping lamellae formed by rod-coil copolymers in a selective solvent of low molecular weight is presented. The system exhibits a first-order, smetic A -smectic C phase transition. The transition is due to competition betwe…