Materials Literature
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Abstract The potential engineering barriers for the permanent disposal of high-level waste at the Yucca Mountain site include an Alloy 22 outer container. One of the anticipated degradation modes for the container is stress corrosion cracking of Alloy 22. Slow strain rate tests were performed to evaluate the combined…
Procedures for detecting the point-group symmetry of macromolecular data sets are examined and enhancements are proposed. To validate a point group, it is sufficient to compare pairs of Bragg reflections that are related by each of the group's component symmetry operators. Correlation is commonly expressed in the form…
Abstract This paper summarizes results of a joint industry program (JIP) to address ammonium bisulfide (NH4HS) corrosion in H2S-dominated alkaline sour waters typically found in refinery services such as the reactor effluent air cooler (REAC) systems of hydroprocessing units. The impacts of several process variables o…
Abstract Effects of test variables (testing temperature, solution type and specific solution volume) on KISSC values of low alloy steel were investigated by DCB tests. The decrease in testing temperature decreased the measured KISSC values due to the increase in absorbed-hydrogen contents into the DCB specimens. It is…
Abstract Managing sour corrosion in oil and gas fields has successfully been accomplished for years with carbon steel. This solution still remains the most cost effective option for most sour projects because of the high cost of corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs) able to resist severe sour conditions. The use of CRAs m…
Abstract This paper describes assessment of sigma phase embrittlement in austenitic stainless steels such as Type 304H, commonly used in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units. Other austenitic stainless steels used in other refining process units are also discussed. The detection and measuring of the amount of sigma ph…
Abstract Corrosion remains a key obstacle to sustaining operational success in hydrocarbon production. Its continued occurrence affects the economy and has consequences for the safety of people and integrity of facilities. A central element in the design of facilities and corrosion mitigation is the correct choice and…
Partial hydrolysis of α-lactalbumin by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis under appropriate conditions leads to the formation of nanotubular structures. The growth of α-lactalbumin nanotubes and their dimensions were analysed using transmission electron microscopy, static light scattering and small-angle X-ray sca…
The structural changes during activation by temperature-programmed reduction of a Cu/ZnO catalyst for methanol synthesis have been studied by several in situ techniques. The catalyst is prepared by coprecipitation and contains 4.76 wt% Cu, which forms a substitutional solid solution with ZnO as determined by resonant…
Glass cell experiments were conducted to understand kinetics of iron carbonate scale formation in pure carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion of mild steel. Weight gain and loss (WGL) method was used as a direct approach to investigate kinetics of scale formation. The experiments were done at the temperatures of 60oC to 90oC,…
Abstract The corrosion behavior of X65 pipeline steel in solutions containing carbon dioxide (CO2), acetic acid (CH3COOH, abbreviated HAc) and 0.1-0.3 % sodium chloride (NaCl) was investigated on rotating cylinder specimens in glass cells. The tests were carried out at 25 °C (1 bar CO2) and 80 °C (0.5 bar CO2). The in…
Abstract Glass cell experiments were conducted to investigate kinetics of iron sulfide and mixed iron sulfide/carbonate scale precipitation in CO2/H2S corrosion. Weight gain/loss (WGL) method was used to investigate the scale formation using X65 carbon steel as substrates. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray…
Abstract The literature has been reviewed with respect to information gained in the recent 20 years on CO2 corrosion of materials used in the oil and gas industry. The paper discusses the effect of materials-related, medium-related and interface-related parameters on general (uniform) and localized corrosion.
The crystal structure of monoclinic KLu(WO 4 ) 2 (KLuW) crystals was determined at room temperature by using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The unit-cell parameters were a = 10.576 (7), b = 10.214 (7), c = 7.487 (2) Å, β = 130.68 (4)°, with Z = 4, in space group C 2/ c . The unit-cell parameters of KLu 1− x Yb…
Abstract The effect that even small concentrations of H2S can have upon CO2 corrosion has been recognized since at least the 1940's. Early studies showed that the FeS corrosion products that were formed had an impact, but disagreed whether the impact was beneficial or not. Although H2S corrosion has not received the l…
We describe a semi-empirical atomic basis Extended Hückel Theoretical (EHT) technique that can be used to calculate bulk bandstructure, surface density of states, electronic transmission and interfacial chemistry of various materials within the same computational platform. We apply this method to study multiple techno…
We report Stark shift measurements for 121Sb donor electron spins in silicon using pulsed electron spin resonance. Interdigitated metal gates on top of a Sb-implanted 28Si epi-layer are used to apply electric fields. Two Stark effects are resolved: a decrease of the hyperfine coupling between electron and nuclear spin…
Using Path Integral Monte Carlo and the Maximum Entropy method, we calculate the dynamic structure factor of solid He-3 in the bcc phase at a finite temperature of T = 1.6 K and a molar volume of 21.5 cm^3. From the single phonon dynamic structure factor, we obtain both the longitudinal and transverse phonon branches…
Classical theory of nucleation based on Becker-Doering equations and coarsening for a binary alloy.
The program package ATSAS 2.1 for small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering data analysis is presented. The programs included in the package cover the major processing and interpretation steps from primary data reduction to three-dimensional modelling. This system is primarily oriented towards the analysis of biologica…