Materials Literature
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The oxidation and reduction of Fe3O4-supported Pd nanoparticles is strongly size-dependent and implies that the oxidation mechanism is controlled by the metal oxide interface. Molecular beam experiments and scanning tunneling microscopy indicate that this size dependence gives rise to a pronounced maximum of the oxyge…
Orthorhombic V(2)O(5) single-crystalline nanobelts with widths of 100-300 nm, thicknesses of 30-40 nm, and lengths up to tens of micrometers have been synthesized on a large scale in a hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution by an environmentally friendly chemical route. Such nanobelts grow along the direction of [010]. Th…
Semiconductor nanowires exhibit large polarization anisotropy for the absorption and emission of light, making them ideal building blocks for novel photonic metamaterials. Here, we demonstrate that a high density of aligned nanowires exhibits giant optical birefringence, a collective phenomenon observable uniquely for…
We show that the piezoelectric effect that describes the emergence of an electric field in response to a crystal deformation in III-V semiconductors such as GaAs and InAs has strong contributions from second-order effects that have been neglected so far. We calculate the second-order piezoelectric tensors using densit…
Hierarchical micro- and nanostructures can be produced simultaneously by the novel layer-by-layer assembly described here. The multilayer films, grown by an exponential growth mechanism that can be amplified by adding silver ions, showed extreme hydrophobicity and a lotus-leaf-like amplification of the surface roughne…
Nanoparticles (dia ~ 5 - 7 nm) of Bi_0.5 X_0.5(X=Ca,Sr)MnO_3 are prepared by polymer assisted sol-gel method and characterized by various physico-chemical techniques. X-ray diffraction gives evidence for single phasic nature of the materials as well as their structures. Mono dispersed to a large extent, isolated nanop…
We present a time-resolved measurement of magnetization dynamics during ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in a single layer of Ni81Fe19. Small-angle (<1 deg.) precession of elemental Ni, Fe moments could be measured directly and quantitatively using time-resolved x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) in transmission. T…
Novel "green" composites were successfully fabricated from recycled cellulose fibers (RCF) and a bacterial polyester, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) by melt mixing technique. Various weight contents (15%, 30%, and 40%) of the fibers were incorporated in the PHBV matrix. The effect of the fiber wei…
We propose an effective permittivity model to homogenize an array of long thin epsilon-negative rods arranged in a periodic lattice. It is proven that the effect of spatial dispersion in this electromagnetic crystal cannot be neglected, and that the medium supports dispersionless modes that guide the energy along the…
The onset of a Griffiths-like phase has been observed in ${\mathrm{Tb}}_{5}{\mathrm{Si}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}$ (${T}_{C}=110\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$) by means of magnetic susceptibility and small-angle neutron scattering experiments. We show the growth of a ferromagnetic cluster system characterized by an inverse s…
Intense theoretical and experimental interest has been focused on the possibility of new materials with hardness exceeding that of diamond. However, building the link between the information that first-principles calculations can produce and the hardness of materials remains one of the challenges of computational mate…
Alginate-based nanofibers with an average diameter of ca. 75 nm (see figure) have been fabricated by electrospinning. The nanofiber network has mechanical properties comparable to cartilage. The cellular compatibility is demonstrated with chondrocytes. This natural polymer-based nanofiber network may find application…
Low-leakage BiFeO3 films have been grown with saturated ferroelectric hysteresis loops (see figure) and a very large remanent polarization. The antiferromagnetic nature of BiFeO3 films is confirmed by the appearance of an exchange bias in BiFeO3-based spin-valve multilayers. The results imply that there is potential f…
Pump up the volume: Wet foams prepared with surfactants are thermodynamically unstable systems that undergo rapid disproportionation, drainage, and coalescence. Ultrastable foams have now been prepared using colloidal particles as stabilizers (left picture). The stabilization results from the irreversible adsorption a…
This Account discusses surface-enhanced Raman scattering at extremely high enhancement levels that can occur for molecules attached to silver and gold nanoclusters. Strongly enhanced and highly confined local optical fields enable surface-enhanced Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy of single molecules even unde…
Abstract Changes in cotton fabrics brought about by different swelling agents and different types of finishing procedures have been studied in this work, using a single‐step swelling of cotton in the reagent. Cotton fabrics were treated with different alkalis and mixtures of alkalis and other additives and finished wi…
Hyperbranched polyglycidol (PGLD) was synthesized via anionic ring‐opening polymerization of glycidol using a special anionic initiator with multiple initiation sites. The resultant polymers were characterized by 1H and 13C‐NMR spectra for confirming their structures, which consisted of linear, hyperbranched and dendr…
Abstract Grafting of polymer brushes on the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films was carried out by the surface‐initiated free radical polymerization. Surface‐initiators were immobilized on the PVDF films by surface hydroxylation and esterification of the surface‐tethered hydroxyl groups with 4,4′‐azobis(4‐cyanopent…
Polyimide‐silica hybrid materials have been prepared through the sol‐gel process by mixing various proportions of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) with polyamic acids (PAAs). Two types of PPAs were employed. The first was obtained by reacting an equimolar mixture of oxydianiline (ODA) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) in di…
Abstract In this work, we present a theoretical discussion regarding the Flory–Huggins χ interaction parameter for 11 random copolymer‐solvent systems along with their corresponding polymer pairs. Copolymers studied are poly(acrylonitrile‐ co ‐butadiene) in acetonitrile, poly(styrene‐ co ‐acrylonitrile) in 1,2‐dichlor…