Materials Literature
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Electrospinning has recently been developed as an efficient technique to develop polymeric nanofibres. Various synthetic and natural biodegradable polymers have been electrospun into fibres with diameters in the nanometre range (< 1 microm). The fibre diameter, structure and physical properties of the nanofibre matric…
Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 0.20 (Zr 0.50 Ti 0.50 ) 0.80 O 3 ceramics of pure perovskite structure were prepared by the two‐stage method with the addition of 0–3.0 wt% MnO 2 and their piezoelectric properties were investigated systematically. The MnO 2 addition influences in a pronounced way both the crystal structure and the…
The highly anisotropic material CsBi(4)Te(6) was prepared by the reaction of Cs/Bi(2)Te(3) around 600 degrees C. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/m with a = 51.9205(8) A, b = 4.4025(1) A, c = 14.5118(3) A, beta = 101.480(1) degrees, V = 3250.75(11) A(3), and Z = 8. The final R values are R(1)…
Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are a class of materials that have unique properties, including Young's modulus-temperature relations, shape memory effects, superelastic effects, and high damping characteristics. These unique properties, which have led to numerous applications in the biomedical and aerospace industries, ar…
A series of four subphthalocyanine-C(60) fullerene dyads have been prepared through axial functionalization of the macrocycle with m-hydroxybenzaldehyde and a subsequent dipolar cycloaddition reaction. The subphthalocyanine moiety has been peripherally functionalized with substituents of different electronic character…
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulphonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) is commonly used as an anode in polymer light-emitting diodes (PLED). We have studied the effect of the pH and Na+ ion concentration of the aqueous PEDOT:PSS dispersion on the bulk and surface properties of spincoated films by various techniques,…
Composites with nanosize ferromagnetic particles can be useful in microwave absorbers, since nanoparticles exhibit distinct magnetic properties compared to bulk materials. This paper examines theoretically the properties of composites with nanoparticles, the key material parameters, and the characteristics of a single…
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectra (SERS) were measured for various amino acids: L-methionine (Met), L-cysteine (Cys), Lglycine (Gly), L-leucine (Leu), L-phenylalanine (Phe), and L-proline (Pro) and their homodipeptides (Met-Met, Cys-Cys, Gly-Gly, LeuLeu, Phe-Phe, and Pro-Pro) in silver colloidal solutions. The…
Abstract Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) grafted with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were synthesized by emulsion reactions and used as a reinforcement for commercial PMMA. Both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the applied tensile load on the composites…
Cross-linkable di- and triblock copolymers of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) and monomethoxyl poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) were synthesized. These amphiphilic copolymers self-assembled into nanoscale micelles capable of encapsulating hydrophobic paclitaxel in their hydrophobic cores in aqueous solutions. To further…
The adsorption of lysozyme on the mesoporous molecular sieves MCM-41 and SBA-15 from buffered solutions with different pH values has been studied as a model protein adsorption system. The amount adsorbed depends on the solution pH as well as on the pore volume and the composition of the adsorbent. The adsorption isoth…
Poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles enable the delivery of a number of drugs, including doxorubicin, loperamide, tubocurarine, the NMDA receptor antagonist MRZ 2/576, and the peptides dalargin and kytorphin across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after coating with surfactants. However, only the surfactants polysorba…
A detailed investigation of the time evolution for the low-field resistance R/sub off/ and the threshold voltage V/sub th/ in chalcogenide-based phase-change memory devices is presented. It is observed that both R/sub off/ and V/sub th/ increase and become stable with time and temperature, thus improving the cell read…
In the past decade, the encapsulation of enzymes inside inorganic sol-gel matrices has become a generic method to prepare efficient biocatalysts which are easy to recycle. In this review, the sol-gel processes useful for enzyme encapsulation, (mostly sol-gel silica) are outlined. Then, the most recent developments in…
Phylogenetic reconstructions of the diatoms have been inferred with the 18S and 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Previous studies have shown that the group is divided into two major clades, with support coming initially from the arrangement of the Golgi bodies inside the cells in extant taxa. Features of extinct taxa that als…
The growth mechanism of long and aligned single walled carbon nanotubes using a recently reported “fast heating” chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method is discussed. The effect of heating speed at the initial stage of the CVD process has been systematically studied, and a “kite-mechanism” for the nanotube growth is pr…
Light bends the wrong way in materials where both ε and μ are negative as was pointed out in 1968, but the absence of natural materials with this property led to neglect of the subject until 1999 when it was shown how to make artificial materials, metamaterials, with negative μ. The rapid advance of the subject since…
The chemical solution deposition (CSD) technique as a highly flexible method for the fabrication of electronic oxide thin films is reviewed. Various chemical aspects of different approaches are discussed, including sol–gel, hybrid, and metallo-organic decomposition (MOD) routes, which all have been successfully applie…
A transmission line (TL) approach of left-handed (LH) materials is proposed. The transmission characteristics of an ideal LH-TL are presented, the constitutive parameters of an equivalent LH material are derived and shown to be negative, and some LH-transmission paradoxes are explained. Next, a method to design an art…
Active packaging technologies offer new opportunities for the food industry, in the preservation of foods. Important active packaging systems currently known to date, including oxygen scavengers, carbon dioxide emitters/absorbers, moisture absorbers, ethylene absorbers, ethanol emitters, flavor releasing/absorbing sys…