Materials Literature
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The nucleation of diamond on silicon (100) in a methane-in-hydrogen microwave plasma has been investigated by atomic-force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). The nucleation of diamond was performed by application of an electrical substrate potential. It w…
In ferroelectric perovskites, the strong spontaneous polarization is due to giant values of the Born effective charges, which are much larger than predicted on the basis of the nominal ionicity: we investigate the physical origin of such charges, which by definition measure the current traversing the sample during pol…
X-ray-absorption fine-structure measurements were carried out to probe the local environment surrounding Mn ions in Mn-doped nanocrystals of ZnS with different size distributions ranging from 30--35 \AA{} to 50--55 \AA{}. The interatomic distances between Mn and neighboring atoms, the coordination number, local disord…
The Kondo lattice model with Hund's ferromagnetic spin coupling is investigated as a microscopic model of the perovskite-type 3d transition-metal oxide La$_{1-x}$Sr$_x$MnO$_3$. In the classical spin limit $S=\infty$ and the infinite-dimensional limit $D=\infty$, the one-body Green's function is calculated exactly. Tra…
The dynamics of carrier-induced absorption changes in CdSe quantum dots are investigated with femtosecond spectroscopy. After excitation with 4-eV photons a redshift of the lowest optical transition is observed in the initial phase of carrier relaxation. This shift is attributed to a biexciton effect where two electro…
Tin oxide films doped with oxygen vacancies, F, Sb, or Mo were made by reactive rf magnetron sputtering of Sn, Sn-Sb, or Sn-Mo in Ar+O2(+CF4) onto glass heated to a temperature up to 530 °C. Electrical dc resistivity, mobility, free-electron density, spectral optical properties, and microstructure were investigated as…
Magnetic Ceramics describes the structure, preparation techniques, magnetic properties and applications of iron-based oxides also known as ferrites; metallic magnetic materials are also covered in depth. The main purpose of the book is to provide an up-to-date overview of the relevant aspects of ferrites, which cover…
Recently, Engel and Vosko have proposed an alternative form of a generalized gradient approximation (GGA) [Phys. Rev. B 47, 13 164 (1993)] within density-functional theory. This version of the GGA (EV93) was obtained by optimizing the exchange-correlation potential ${\mathit{V}}_{\mathrm{xc}}$ instead of the correspon…
We compare the Raman spectra and other macroscopic properties of nearly one hundred amorphous carbon films deposited at five research laboratories by a total of five different methods in search of correlations useful for both process control and basic understanding of the structure of these materials. For the full ran…
A post-collision interaction (PCI) in the cascade Auger processes is considered. The general analytical formulae for an amplitude and a cross section of the process under consideration are obtained. These formulae allow for the PCI distortion and are valid for a wide range of velocities of the emitted electrons except…
Details are given of an experimental study of the characteristics of field-induced electron emission from 15 mm diameter CVD diamond films deposited on an Mo substrate. Three dedicated techniques have been used to characterize the electron emission process: (i) the 'transparent anode imaging' technique for recording t…
A lot of publications deal with various types of transmission lines illuminated by electromagnetic fields. These fields cause additional currents and/or voltages on the line. Here the kind of the transmission line is not of interest. A shielded or unbraided cable can be considered. In contrast with this a lack of atte…
Newly synthesized photolabile derivatives of glutamate, caged glutamate, that release free glutamate on a microsecond time scale after a pulse of UV laser light are described. 2-Nitrobenzyl derivatives were attached to the amino or carboxyl groups of glutamate. Substitution with a -CO2- group at the benzylic carbon ac…
ZnO thin films have been grown in atmospheric pressure and ambient atmospheric air using zinc 2-ethyl hexanoate as zinc source by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique. The films grown on glass above 350 °C showed c-axis orientation as seen from x-ray diffraction studies. The films were highly transparent a…
Abstract The mechanism of foaming a glassy polymer using sorbed carbon dioxide is studied in detail. A glassy polymer supersaturated with nitrogen forms a microcellular foam, if the polymer is quickly heated above its glass transition temperature. A glassy polymer supersaturated with CO 2 forms this foam‐like structur…
High resolution $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coincidences in the spontaneous fission of $^{252}\mathrm{Cf}$ were measured. Relative yields and neutron multiplicities from zero up to 10 were extracted d…
Bulk liquid crystal alignment can be completely determined by the orientational distribution of the surface monolayer. The bulk pretilt angles predicted from the measured monolayer orientational distribution using the Landau-de Gennes formalism agree very well with the observed values. Surface anchoring energies can a…
Abstract High‐temperature molding of Brabender‐mixed blend of polyacrylic acid (PAA) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) causes thermally induced crosslinking between PAA and ENR. Studies on Monsanto rheometry of the blend and physical properties, solvent swelling, and dynamic mechanical properties of the molded blend…
The room-temperature photoluminescence and structure were studied concerning porous silicon which was exposed to ambient air. Water vapor in ambient air gradually oxidized the surface of the porous silicon with developing Si—O—Si bonds. This room-temperature oxidation progressively replaced an unstable H-passivated su…
We have analyzed red and blue luminescence from porous silicon as a function of oxidation parameters and feature dimension determined with an atomic force microscope. We have found correlation between blue luminescence intensity and the increase in feature size caused by oxidation. We have further shown that blue lumi…