Materials Literature
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ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential dependence of the conductivity of highly oxidized polythiophenes, polypyrroles, and polyaniline: finite windows of high conductivityDavid Ofer, Richard M. Crooks, and Mark S. WrightonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 22, 7869–7879Publication Date (Print):Octo…
The low‐field electrical behavior of relaxor ferroelectric ceramics has been qualitatively described by many parameters, including diffuseness (δ), which characterizes the breadth of the transition peak and is roughly related to the standard deviation of the peak. Three major types of equations have been used to calcu…
N-Carboxybutyl chitosan, a modified chitin of crustacean origin, displayed inhibitory, bactericidal, and candidacidal activities when tested against 298 cultures of various pathogens. Examination by electron microscopy showed that microbial cells exposed to N-carboxybutyl chitosan underwent marked morphological altera…
Abstract A novel process to produce microcellular thermoplastic parts is described. This is achieved by integrating the deformation process in the foaming cycle in such a way that the cell nucleation and growth processes are effectively uncoupled from deformation. The nitrogen‐polystyrene system is studied and the rel…
Machine learning (ML) is transforming all areas of science. The complex and time-consuming calculations in molecular simulations are particularly suitable for an ML revolution and have already been profoundly affected by the application of existing ML ...Read More
Phonon frequencies and eigenvectors have been computed from first principles for the three optic ${\mathit{F}}_{1\mathit{u}}$ modes in ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}$ using the full-potential linearized-augmented-plane-wave method. We find that the ferroelectric instability in ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}$ can be understood from calc…
This review covers recent experimental and theoretical investigations into cooperative phenomena in crystals containing off-center ions. These phenomena have attracted much attention in recent years because of a general interest in disordered systems, in particular in spin glasses, whose electrical analog is the dipol…
This review summarizes experimental evidence for the freezing of reorienting moments in solids. The moments may be of dipolar or quadrupolar nature, or both; they belong to one of the constituents of a mixed-crystal solid. Extensive results are reported for the following systems: KCl doped with hydroxyl, potassium tan…
The scaling behavior of the elastic properties of colloidal gels that are well above the gelation threshold is studied both theoretically and experimentally. A scaling theory was developed by considering the structure of the gel network as a collection of flocs, which are fractal objects closely packed throughout the…
Machine learning (ML) is transforming all areas of science. The complex and time-consuming calculations in molecular simulations are particularly suitable for an ML revolution and have already been profoundly affected by the application of existing ML ...Read More
1. Spectroscopy and Electronic Structure of Inorganic Solids 2. Energy Levels of Free Atoms and of Optical Centres in Crystals 3. Symmetry and Group Representation Theory 4. Radiative Transition Rates and Selection Rules 5. Electronic Centres in a Vibrating Crystalline Environment 6. Experimental Techniques 7. Colour…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of polymers with controlled molecular architecture. A new convergent approach to dendritic macromoleculesCraig J. Hawker and Jean M. J. FrechetCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 21, 7638–7647Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1990Publication History Publish…
The experimental data on the structure of and the structural defects and structural relaxation in amorphous metallic alloys are reviewed. The elastic and inelastic properties of amorphous metallic alloys and the effect of disorder in the arrangement of atoms on the ferromagnetic properties of amorphous metallic alloys…
How and why electron microscopes work the vacuum system SEM alignment procedures SEM operating procedures TEM alignment procedures TEM operating procedures Scanning techniques in the TEM.
The combination of spin-polarization detection with core-level photoemission to give spin-polarized electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis provides new information on the oxidation of an iron surface. During the initial stage of oxidation the predominant phase is of a ferrimagnetic \ensuremath{\gamma}-${\mathrm{F…
We have derived the tilt and surface shape-equilibrium equations for tilted chiral lipid bilayers (TCLB's) in analogy with cholesteric liquid crystals. On a cylindrical surface the field of tilt directions of TCLB molecules forms a right-handed helix with 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} gradient angle for ${\mat…
A structure refinement of the decagonal quasicrystal ${\mathrm{Al}}_{70}$${\mathrm{Co}}_{20}$${\mathrm{Ni}}_{10}$ with the five-dimensional superspace group P10/mmm was made on the basis of single-crystal x-ray-diffraction data. The structure is a layer structure that consists of two kinds of layers stacked along the…
Indications for a crossover between two distinct dynamical regimes at a temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ above the glass-transition temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{g}}$ are presented for simple supercooled liquids. (i) Relating diffusion coefficient D and reorientational correlation times \ensuremath{\tau} w…
We use transient optical hole burning and photoluminescence to investigate the static and dynamic electronic properties of 32-\AA{} CdSe quantum dots. We observe a number of discrete electronic transitions, resolve LO-phonon progressions, and obtain homogeneous linewidths and electron--LO-phonon couplings. We find tha…
It was found that two different crystal forms, namely a platelike α-form and a hairlike β-form, were obtained by cooling crystallization of quizalofop-ethyl dissolved in ethyl alcohol. The solubilities, supersolubility and stabilities of the two crystals were investigated. Two solubility curves for the α-form and the…