Materials Literature
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We report the observation of nonlinear voltage response both to dc current and to unipolar current pulses in the commensurate charge-density-wave (CDW) state of the molecular conductor (perylene${)}_{2}$Pt(mnt${)}_{2}$ (mnt=maleonitriledithiolate). At T=4.2 K, two nonlinearities in the I-V curves are observed at ${\ma…
A study of quantized excitons in CuCl epitaxial thin films is reported. Film thicknesses (L) that are much smaller than the photon wavelength (\ensuremath{\lambda}) in the medium (\ensuremath{\sim}160 nm), but larger than the exciton Bohr radius ${\mathit{a}}_{\mathit{B}}$ (\ensuremath{\sim}0.7 nm), are considered her…
The coercivity mechanism of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets is investigated using a continuously varying model for a single variable K. The results show that the starting field Hs (which includes the critical field H0 and the expanding field He) is greater than the nucleation field Hn and is the main element that controls th…
Luminescence characteristics in Er3+-ion activated, Yb3+-ion sensitized infrared upconversion materials have been investigated, especially for their energy back transfer processes from Er3+ to Yb3+ ions. Decay characteristics of Er3+ ion green emission have been examined in various fluoride crystals and fluoride glass…
Nucleation of oriented diamond particles on cobalt substrates has been achieved by a multistep, hot-filament chemical vapor deposition process, which involves seeding, annealing, nucleation, and then growth. The substrates were seeded with either diamond powders, graphite powders, or gaseous carbon species. Scanning e…
Antiferromagnetism has been found in a Heusler alloy Fe2VSi from measurements of electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility and Mössbauer spectroscopy of 57Fe. The Néel and Weiss temperatures are 123 K and -212 K, respectively. The magnetic moment of an Fe atom estimated from Mössbauer spectrum splitting is 0.22…
Abstract An adaptation of the fracture toughness test method, the J ‐integral technique, is described within the general framework of polymer fracture behavior. It is shown that there is a strong interaction between different morphological parameters in the way they affect the fracture behavior of isotactic polypropyl…
The influence of multiple elastic and inelastic scattering on photoelectron spectra from semi-infinite random solids has been investigated. A theoretical expression describing the energy and angular yield has been derived which adequately accounts for the anisotropic source emission of photoelectrons. Comparison of th…
Resonant neutralization probabilities for 2 keV $^{7}\mathrm{Li}^{+}$ singly scattered from Al and K surface atomic sites are measured from K-covered Al(100). At low K coverages (0.03 ML), nearly all of the ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$ ions scattered from K are neutralized, while neutral fractions ranging from 32 to 65 % are m…
Abstract The complex Young's modulus, E *(ω), and the complex strain‐optical coefficient, O *(ω), were measured for polyisobutylene (PIB) over a wide temperature range near and above its glass transition temperature. The master curves could be constructed well for each function with the method of reduced variables. Th…
The reaction between hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) film and aluminum has been investigated by Transmission Electron Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The formation of aluminum silicide was observed even at room temperature. Subsequent annealing of the sample showed [111], [110] and [311] ori…
The periodic unrestricted Hartree-Fock method has been used to calculate the ground-state spin-polarized wave function and total energy of tetragonal ${\mathrm{FeF}}_{2}$. Contracted Gaussian-type functions represent the atomic orbitals of Fe and F atoms. The nature of the antiferromagnetic insulator, with a d-d type…
The effect of the mixing between \ensuremath{\pi} and \ensuremath{\sigma} orbitals upon the energy gaps (${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{g}}$'s) of semiconducting carbon nanotubules has been theoretically studied within the tight-binding approximation. The magnitude of a chirality-dependent energy gap (${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{\…
We describe a nonequilibrium phase transition in a geometrically confined charge-stabilized colloidal suspension. The equilibrium configuration for the spheres in this system is a two-layer square lattice, equivalent to two layers of a body-centered cubic (bcc) crystal. After electrophoretic shear melting, the suspens…
Pulsed laser ablation of aqueous medium irradiated under conditions of temporal confinement of thermal stress is described. Time-resolved measurements of laser-induced transient stress waves with simultaneous imaging of ablation process by laser-flash photography were performed. Stress transients induced in aqueous so…
Direct imaging showing pore filling of a mesopore (MCM-41) by a semiconductor has been achieved by transmission-electron microscopy (TEM). Ge was deposited using vapor-phase epitaxy where the mesopore wall hydroxyls acted as anchor points to seed the nucleation of semiconductor clusters in the mesosilicate channels. D…
A model for stress evolution in confined metal interconnects due to electromigration was proposed recently by M. A. Korhonen, P. Borgesen, K. N. Tu, and C.-Y. Li [J. Appl. Phys. 73, 3790 (1993)], in which interconnect failure is associated with the buildup of stress to a critical level. We show that the analytic solut…
A molecular-dynamics simulation method is described that permits space-filling, fully dense three-dimensional nanocrystalline materials to be grown by crystallization from the melt. The method is illustrated by computer synthesis of an eight-grain polycrystal of Cu with a grain size of 43 Å. At the beginning of the si…
Tin-modified lead zirconate titanate thin layers were prepared by a sol-gel method. A room- temperature antiferroelectric (AFE) phase composition Pb0.99Nb0.02[(Zr0.58Sn0.42)0.96Ti0.04] 0.98O3 was prepared and examined for weak- and high-field dielectric properties as a function of temperature, with emphasis on field-i…
The linear and nonlinear optical responses in a large number of cubic insulators are studied by means of first-principles local-density calculations. Complete results on band structures, frequency-dependent dielectric functions, and frequency-dependent third-order nonlinear susceptibilities ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}…