Materials Literature
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Frequency dependence of the dielectric constant of complex perovskite oxide Ba(1-x)La(x)Ti(1-x)Cr(x)O3 (BLTC) ceramics with the composition ratio 0.4<= x <= 0.7 is precisely measured in the temperature range from 20 K to 300 K, and the dielectric relaxation is found to be quite similar to that of CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO), w…
Is this place taken? A mechanism has been proposed for the formation of methanol from CO and H2 on ZnO surfaces in which CO is adsorbed at oxygen vacancies on the heterogeneous catalyst (see picture: C red, H white, O gray, Zn black). The active sites are blocked when CO2 is added to the gas mixture.
The influence of phase-change material composition on amorphous phase stability, crystallization rate, nucleation probability, optical constants and media noise is reported for materials with a growth dominated crystallization mechanism. Two material classes have been studied, doped Sb–Te and doped Sb-based compositio…
Abstract In the petroleum industry, corrosion control with inhibitors is typically achieved with continuous injection or via batch applications at regular intervals. Numerous variables can affect the application of batch corrosion inhibitors. This laboratory autoclave study examines the effects of the type of chemistr…
Abstract In selecting materials for corrosive sour oil field environments, both age-hardened and cold-worked solid solution nickel-base alloys offer many advantages such as high-strength, toughness and excellent corrosion resistance. Alloy 028 (UNS N08028), alloy 825 (UNS N08825), alloy G-3 (UNS N06985), alloy 050 (UN…
Abstract Bad application of drill pipe and electrical wireline inspection procedures was the main cause of corrosion failures in the presence of acid gases H2S. These failures were located in wells FUC-46 and CHL-07x in Furrial and Chaguaramal Fields at the Northern District of Venezuela. The corrosion failures were c…
Abstract Corrosion testing depends on the extent and the type of information desired and the environmental conditions expected in service for the subject material. Corrosion in marine environments is dependent on various factors. Understanding how these factors interact and affect materials performance is essential in…
Abstract All grades and conditions of stainless steel are susceptible to SCC in high temperature water, whether deaerated or aerated; high H2 or low; theoretical purity water, buffered or contaminated; lower temperature or higher; etc. However, the kinetics of SCC growth vary markedly with stress intensity, yield stre…
Abstract The objectives of this study are to evaluate the corrosion behavior of candidate corrosion-resistant alloys in less oxidizing or reducing supercritical water (SCW) environment containing hydrogen chloride and to understand the corrosion mechanism for determining the corrosion resistance of these alloys in the…
Abstract A significant percentage of the corrosion failures in many industries are caused or accelerated by the effects resulting from the activities of specific microorganisms. In aqueous environments, microorganisms tend to attach themselves to metal surfaces and form biofilms. These biofilms create nonuniform surfa…
Abstract An erosion-corrosion study has been performed for a 13Cr alloy in liquid-gas multiphase flow conditions with CO2 saturated brine and sand particles. Pure erosion and erosion-corrosion tests were conducted for low sand concentrations at both 76°F (24.4°C) and 150°F (65.6°C). Results were compared to previous d…
Abstract Often, the corrosion of carbon steel in aqueous environments containing CO2 involves the formation of solid iron carbonate, FeCO3, as corrosion product. The goal of this work is to establish the experimental conditions, pH and temperature, under which stable, protective corrosion product layers form in brine…
Abstract In this paper a two-dimensional (2-D) stochastic localized CO2 corrosion model is proposed, which describes the balance of two processes: corrosion (leading to metal loss) and precipitation (leading to metal protection). The model is able to predict localized corrosion of carbon steel in CO2 containing enviro…
Abstract In condensed water, the free acetic acid content (HAc) is physically dissolved from the gas (or oil) phase, and this induces an overacidification of the CO2 solution. When HAc becomes the dominant acid, this increases the solubility of corrosion products, i.e. the iron content Fesat at the saturation of corro…
Abstract Quantitative PCR (qPCR) methods (fluorogenic 5′-nuclease assay and SYBR Green I assay) were developed to detect and quantify bacteria and some critical sub-populations related to gas and oil pipeline corrosion. 16S rRNA genes were targeted for the detection and quantification of total bacteria using fluorogen…
Abstract Previous works showed that AC can affect corrosion overpotential of corroding metals. In order to understand this experimental evidence, galvanostatic polarization tests on carbon steel, zinc and copper in 1 M solution of their ions were performed at AC current densities of 0, 30, 100, 300, 500 and 1,000 A/m2…
Abstract Whilst the phenomena of sand production, its erosional effects in high velocity systems, and the ability of chemicals to mitigate erosion have been well documented, little attention has been given to low velocity systems where sand settles to form deposits. Deposition of sand has reportedly resulted in partia…
Abstract A corrosion study focused on the applicability of pH-stabilisation in sour environments with hydrate preventer has been carried out, consisting of flow loop experiments with 50 % diethylene glycol, about 1 bar H2S and 0.6 bar CO2. Different pH values in the range of 4.5-6.5 were applied. The experiments were…
Abstract Preferential corrosion of carbon steel weld corrosion and its inhibition were studied by corrosion tests in a flow loop. Eight weld metal/parent metal combination were tested at 60 °C, 1 bar CO2, pH 5-6. Results from 3 selected welds are presented. The tests were carried out in high and low conductivity NaCl…
Abstract Green corrosion inhibitors have been developed to minimize environmental impacts. The first requirement of green chemicals is to pass pre-screening based on the criteria of Harmonised Mandatory Control Scheme. In addition, a green chemical should have a Hazard Quotient value of less than 1 for the UK sector;…