Materials Literature
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ABSTRACT The effects of acid (acetic, formic, lactic, propionic) concentrations, plasticizer concentrations, and storage time (up to 9 wk) on mechanical properties, water vapor permeability, and oxygen permeability of solution‐cast chitosan films were determined. Measured water vapor permeability coefficients ranged f…
Passive films formed on stainless steels in a borate buffer solution (pH 9.2) have been investigated by capacitance measurements and photoelectrochemistry. The study was carried out on films formed on AISI type 304 and 316 stainless steels and high purity alloys with differing chromium, nickel, and molybdenum contents…
New types of microfibrillated materials (MM) from natural fibres such as wood pulp fibres, cotton fibres, tunicin cellulose, chitosan, silk fibres and collagen have been developed by a super-grinding method. The method consists of a unique, simple mechanical treatment which is designed to give shearing-stress to the l…
This work provides an evaluation of the behavior of a planar circular solid oxide fuel cell stack with an integrated air preheater fed with hydrogen at the anode and air at the cathode under conditions of high fuel utilization. This evaluation is based on a simulation model, whose hypotheses and equations are presente…
Methods of nonlocal density functional theory (NLDFT), proposed recently for predictions of adsorption equilibrium and calculations of pore size distributions in micro- and mesoporous materials, were tested on reference MCM-41 materials. Five newly synthesized MCM-41 adsorbents with presumably uniform pore channels va…
We present in this paper that porous silicon can be used as a large surface area matrix as well as the transducer of biomolecular interactions. We report the fabrication of heavily doped p-type porous silicon with pore diameters that can be tuned, depending on the etching condition, from approximately 5 to 1200 nm. Th…
Oxides of the group VIb metals (Cr, Mo, W) and oxides of vanadium, rhenium, and niobium supported on a second high-surface-area metal oxide such as Al2O3, TiO2, Si02, ZrO2, and so forth are recognized as industrially important catalysts or catalyst precursors for various reactions [1–11], These materials frequently ha…
Dynamic light-scattering measurements are reported for suspensions at concentrations in the vicinity of the glass transition. In a mixture of identically sized but optically different particles having hard-sphere-like interactions, we project out the incoherent (or self-) intermediate scattering functions by adjusting…
The development, characterization, and exploitation of novel materials based on the assembly of molecular components is an exceptionally active and rapidly expanding field. For this reason, the topic of molecule-based materials (MBMs) was chosen as the subject of a workshop sponsored by the Chemical Sciences Division…
Applications of structural databases in the protein crystallographic structure determination process are reviewed, using mostly examples from work carried out by the authors. Four application areas are discussed: model building, model refinement, model validation and model analysis.
The use of self‐reinforcement by larger elongated grains in silicon nitride ceramics requires judicious control of the microstructure to achieve high steady‐state toughness and high fracture strength. With a distinct bimodal distribution of grain diameters, such as that achieved by the addition of 2% rodlike seeds, th…
We present results on the magnetic reversal process in epitaxial Sm-Co(11\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}00)/TM (TM=Fe,Co) bilayer films prepared via magnetron sputtering. The magnetically hard Sm-Co films have 20-T uniaxial anisotropy and coercivities >3 T at room temperature, that double on cooling, as dete…
We describe a database of protein structure alignments for homologous families. The database HOMSTRAD presently contains 130 protein families and 590 aligned structures, which have been selected on the basis of quality of the X-ray analysis and accuracy of the structure. For each family, the database provides a struct…
Large cell-sized anodic porous alumina with long-range ordering was fabricated using phosphoric acid solution. Self-ordering of the anodic alumina took place under long-period constant voltage anodization at 195 V, which generated the self-ordered anodic porous alumina with a cell size of 500 nm.
The properties of cellulose microcrystals and their colloidal suspensions obtained by acid treatments of native cellulose have been investigated. Bleached softwood kraft pulp was treated with 65% (w/w) sulfuric acid or 4 N hydrochloric acid and the resulting particle morphology and flow properties of the aqueous suspe…
The formation of continuous mesoporous silica films with large periodic cage and pore structures is reported here. The authors use low-cost commercially available triblock copolymers and poly(ethylene oxide) non-ionic surfactants as the structure-directing agents in conjunction with dip-coat processing. In the Figure…
We discuss the deformation of a curved interface between solid phases, assuming small strains in the bulk phases and neglecting accretion at the interfaces. Such assumptions are relevant to the deformation of solid microstructures when atomic diffusion and the formation of defects such as dislocations are negligible.…
The synthesis, spectroscopy, and fluorescence quenching behavior of pentiptycene-derived phenyleneethynylene polymers, 1 − 3, are reported. The incorporation of rigid three-dimensional pentiptycene moieties into conjugated polymer backbones offers several design advantages for solid-state (thin film) fluorescent senso…
Poly(acrylic acid)-silica composites have been prepared by two different methods and thermally characterized. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PAA-SiO2 system prepared by mixture method was found to be 120°C irrespective of the type and amounts of silica involved in this work. However, the Tg varied betwee…
A comparative study has been made of the crosslinking of plasticized PVC by grafting of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (ASi) and sodium γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (NaMSi) during processing. The influence of type of reagent and concentration, and the rheological behavior were investigated to obtain a crosslinked ma…